The authors wished to confirm the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) using a HairMax LaserComb for the stimulation of hair growth and also to determine what effect LLLT with this device had on the tensile strength of hair. Thirty-five patients, 28 males and 7 females, with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) underwent treatment for a six-month period. Both the hair counts and tensile strength of the hair were affected very beneficially in both sexes in the temporal and vertex regions, with the males and vertex areas showing the most improvement. 113

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Background: To investigate the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics (age, sex, tumor location, socioeconomic status) and potential predisposing factors (alcohol, tobacco, mobile phone use, severe head trauma) of cerebral gliomas in a defined area of Northwest Greece. Methods: The prospective study was conducted in patients with gliomas referred to all 7 hospitals of a study area with a population of 488,435 inhabitants, from June 1, 2005, to May 31, 2007. Incidence rates (IR) were calculated as new cases diagnosed among residents of the study area during the study period per 100,000 inhabitants. A case-control study was carried out in order to study the possible association of the risk of glioma with smoking, alcohol, use of mobile phone, and severe cranial trauma. Results: A total of 56 glioma incident cases were identified with IRs of glioma and glioblastoma (GBM) at 5.73/10⁵/year and 3.69/10⁵/year, respectively. A male to female ratio of 1.25 was obtained in the GBM group. IRs of glioma and GBM for both males and females were higher in the age group 60–79. The most frequent anatomic location was the frontal lobe. 46.5% of the patients originated from the low, 25% from the middle and 28.5% from the high socioeconomic class. There was no significant association between glioma and alcohol consumption, smoking and mobile phone use. A trend for a positive association between the risk of glioma and a history of severe cranial trauma was observed, but this association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The estimated IR of glioma and GBM in this study was higher compared with data from other studies carried out on European, Asian and US populations. Further studies may be needed to assess the possible association of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors with the high occurrence of gliomas observed in this study.

This is the draft version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Copyright and reuse: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ publications@city.ac.uk Permanent repository link: City Research OnlineBeginning at the beginning:Recall order and the number of words to be recalled When participants are asked to recall a short list of words in any order that they like, they tend to initiate recall with the first list item and proceed in forwards order, even when this is not a task requirement. The current research examined whether this tendency might be influenced by varying the number of items that are to be recalled. In three experiments, participants were presented with short lists of between 4 and 6 words and instructed to recall 1, 2, 3 or all of the items from the lists. Data were collected using immediate free recall (IFR, Experiment 1), immediate serial recall (ISR, Experiment 2) and a variant of ISR that we call ISR-free (Experiment 3), in which participants had to recall words in their correct serial positions but were free to output the words in any order. For all three tasks, the tendency to begin recall with the first list item occurred only when participants were required to recall as many items from the list as they could. When participants were asked to recall only one or two items, they tended to initiate recall with end-of-list items. It is argued that these findings show for the first time a manipulation that eliminates the initial tendency to recall in forward order, provide some support for recency-based accounts of IFR and help explain differences between single-response and multiple-response immediate memory tasks.(232 words)In recent years, there has been a growing belief that much could be gained by the theoretical integration of two widely used and highly influential immediate memory tasks, immediate serial recall (ISR) and immediate free recall (IFR) (e.g., Anderson, Bothell, Lebiere, & Matessa, 1998;Bhatarah, Ward & Tan, 2006 Brown, Chater & Neath, 2008; Brown, Neath & Chater, 2007;Farrell, 2012;Grenfell-Essam & Ward, 2012; Grossberg & Pearson, 2008; Hurlstone, Hitch & Baddeley, 2014; Kahana, 2012; Klein, Addis & Kahana, 2005;Ward, Tan & Grenfell-Essam, 2010). In these tasks, participants are presented with lists of words and at the end of each list, they are either free to recall as many of the list items as possible in any order that they like (IFR) or they are required to recall as many items as possible in exactly the same serial order as that in which they were presented (ISR).One reason to believe that such integration is possible is the observation that participants tend to output their recalls in forwards serial order, even in IFR tasks (e.g., Beaman & Mor...

Mechanical stress exerts a substantial role on skeletal-cell renewal systems, whereas accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms induce changes and differential gene expression. Although the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, our study suggests that the influence of the long term mechanical stimulation elicits epigenetic modifications controlling osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue multipotential stromal cells (hAT-MSCs) and contributes to an accelerating in vitro osteogenesis. GNAS imprinting gene acts as a critical regulator of osteoblast differentiation and is implicated in human genetic disorders with pathological formation of ectopic-skeletal bone. Investigating a wide variety of stimuli, we showed that daily mechanical stretch on hAT-MSCs of 7th and 15th days' intervals induced a significant down-regulation in DNA methylation status of critical CpG sites of NESP and GNASXL isoforms, accompanied by up-regulation of the corresponding gene transcripts, and osteogenic differentiation earlier in culture. Importantly, methylation analysis of differentiating bone marrow-derived MSCs revealed similar methylation patterns. Bioinformatic analysis further showed that all CpG islands exhibiting significant methylation alterations encompassed transcriptional repressor CTCF binding sites. We hereby emphasize the need to investigate the epigenetic alterations on hAT-MSCs during environmental mechanical forces and to consider how the knowledge gained through these studies may foster new means of symptoms prevention and management of ectopic bone formation in the clinic.