IR spectroscopy as a quantitative and predictive analysis method of phenol-formaldehyde resol resins

Abstract

A set of resin samples was characterized by IR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. The suitability of IR spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of resins was evaluated by statistical methods using the NMR reference data as calibration. The values of interesting properties, for example, the amount of free phenol and the formaldehydeto-phenol (F/P) molar ratio, of the resins being similar to the calibration resins were predicted from the IR spectra. Also, the predicted results were compared with the ones observed by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy.

Influence of Clay Modification on the Properties of Resol Nanocomposites

“…Figure 7 shows the relative quantity of primary OH from the methylol groups, measured in the band at 1 015 cm À1 . [37] The methylols are formed during the addition reaction of the formaldehyde to the phenol, and thereafter the condensation between the substituted phenol rings occurs. [26] The relative quantity of primary OH is in agreement with the crosslinking density ( Figure 6).…”

Modification of EPDM with Alkylphenol Polysulfide for Use in Tire Sidewalls, 2 – Mechanistic and Morphological Characterizations

“…The assignment of these characteristic peaks is shown in Table 2 on the basis of relevant literature data. [6,7] The samples after extraction with acetone, still show the presence of the above absorption peaks, which indicates that APPS-fragments are indeed grafted onto EPDM, after reaction in the internal mixer. But compared to the non-extracted APPS-grafted EPDM, the intensity of these peaks decreases somewhat after extraction, which means that not all the APPS added was indeed grafted.…”

Reactivity of Larch and Valonia Tannins in Synthesis of Tannin-Formaldehyde Resins

“…The peaks at 1610 and 1445 cm −1 belong to -C=C-bonds in the aromatic nucleus. The peaks at 1325 and 1038 cm −1 in the spectrum of valonia tannin indicate phenol groups (Garro-Galvez et al 1996;Holopainen et al 1998;Lin et al 2011). The deformation of the carboxylic acid O-H group can be observed at 1177 cm −1 (Can et al 2013).…”