Influence of Clay Modification on the Properties of Resol Nanocomposites

Manfredi, Liliana Beatriz; Puglia, Debora; Tomasucci, Annalisa; Vázquez, Analı́a

doi:10.1002/mame.200800158

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…[ 16 ] It was found that the addition of clays with modifi ers containing hydrophilic groups led to less crosslinked polymer networks than in the case of the resol, because of the interaction between the modifi er and the prepolymer. However, a strong intercalation of the resol into the montmorillonite galleries and subsequent exfoliation lead to an increase of the hardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposite.…”

Section: Research Newsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Clay/Polymer Nanocomposites

et al. 2011

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Smectite clays (e.g. montmorillonite), belonging to the structural family called 2:1 phyllosilicates, are the main choice for designing polymer nanocomposites due to their low cost and rich intercalation chemistry allowing them to be chemically modified (organoclays) and to improve the compatibility with the polymer matrix. These hybrid materials, normally called polymeric nanocomposites (PNC), represent a radical alternative to conventional polymer composites and have focused the attention of both academia and industry because of their unexpected properties, and their straightforward synthesis and processing. Such materials on the nanoscale level show significant improvements in mechanical properties, heat distortion temperatures, thermal stability, flame retardancy and enhanced barrier properties. The combination of enhanced properties, weight reduction, and low cost has led to interesting commercial applications such as automotive and packaging, among others. All this justifies the growing interest of both academia and industry in the development of these hybrid materials. In this paper we describe the most significant findings in the clay/polymer nanocomposites field considering three polymer families: elastomers, thermosets and polymers from natural resources or biopolymers.

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Section: Research Newsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Clay/Polymer Nanocomposites

et al. 2011

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“…It was stated that the experimental conditions as well as the surfactant selected to compatibilize the clay with the polymer and the intrinsic properties of the polymer are crucial to control the dispersion. The aim of this work is to obtain phenolic/MMT nanocomposites synthesized by in situ polymerization maintaining similar conditions of synthesis and curing than those used in a previous work 15. Although in the previous work the resol nanocomposite was obtained by intercalation of the prepolymer, in this study, in situ polymerization was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different ways of synthesis were used to obtain nanocomposites based on clay and phenolic resins, both novolacs and resols. It was reported the synthesis of phenolic resins by melt intercalation,5–9 in situ polymerization,10–13 and intercalation of prepolymer 14, 15. In those works, different conditions of synthesis and curing, formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio, type of clay, and organic modifiers were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resol/montmorillonite nanocomposites obtained by in situ polymerization

Rivero

Vázquez

Manfredi

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nanocomposites based on resol resin and layered silicates were obtained by in situ polymerization. An increment in the viscosity and in the content of free formaldehyde in the prepolymer with the addition of clay was observed. It could be attributed to the entrance of small phenol molecules into the galleries modifying the concentration of reagent enabled to react outside the clay galleries. The composites were cured by temperature and it was observed that the type of clay affect their dispersion in the polymer. The unmodified Cloisite V R Na þ montmorillonite (CNa) was the best dispersed in the polymeric matrix, whereas the modified montmorillonites (MMTs) showed an interlayer contraction after curing. It seems to be due to the loss of modifiers from the clay or to the different rate of curing inside and outside the galleries. In addition, the composite containing CNa presented higher crosslinking density than the others with modified MMTs. More adhesive strength was observed in that composite as well. It was related with the void content and the polarity of the samples. These results were compared with the ones obtained when the nanocomposites were synthesized by mixing the clay with the prepolymer. The nanocomposites with the addition of CNa showed similar properties independent of the way of synthesis used. However, it seems that the modified clays are better dispersed by mixing with the prepolymer than by in situ polymerization.

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“…As for the modified montmorillonite, the more hydrophobic it became, the worse the compatibility with the polymer. Therefore, it can be noticed in case of Cl30B, Cl20A and Cl15A agglomerates of clay layers [22,23] within the polymeric structure.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Micromentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of Clay Type on the Physicochemical Properties of New Hydrogel Clay Nanocomposites

Munteanu¹,

Ninciuleanu²,

CatalinaGifu³

et al. 2018

Current Topics in the Utilization of Clay in Industrial and Medical Applications

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This study focuses on the investigation of clay type effect on the final properties of semi-interpenetrated Salecan/poly(methacrylic acid)/clay hydrogel nanocomposites. Previous studies have indicated that the presence of clay in polymer composites leads to better swelling capacity and mechanical properties as functions of clay type. On the other hand, Salecan, which is a water soluble extracellular polysaccharide, was proved to assure greater flexibility to hydrogels. These properties recommend clay and Salecan for semi-interpenetrated hydrogels preparation with specific application in biomedicine. The purpose was to determine the most suitable type of clay as well as Salecan influence for developing the desired water retention/delivery ability and mechanically enhanced semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) nanocomposites. For our investigations, we have chosen commercially available montmorillonite (ClNa) and different commercial organomodified clay (Cl30B, Cl20A and Cl15A). Several analyses results (FTIR, TGA, DMA, XRD, microscopy and swelling studies) demonstrated that not only the presence of Salecan but also the clay type influenced the structure and properties of the final nanocomposites.

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Influence of Clay Modification on the Properties of Resol Nanocomposites

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Recent Advances in Clay/Polymer Nanocomposites

Recent Advances in Clay/Polymer Nanocomposites

Resol/montmorillonite nanocomposites obtained by in situ polymerization

The Effect of Clay Type on the Physicochemical Properties of New Hydrogel Clay Nanocomposites

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