IR GRIN lenses prepared by ionic exchange in chalcohalide glasses

Fourmentin, Claire; Zhang, Xianghua; Lavanant, Enora; Pain, Thierry; Rozé, Mathieu; Guimond, Yann; Gouttefangeas, Françis; Calvez, Laurent

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90626-4

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Since practically all morphological and physical parameters are similar for the two glassy substrates, the very probable cause for the difference in u r s is the chemistry, namely the presence of Na + ions in the white glass. The Na + ions are known to migrate in the chalcogenide materials even at ambient temperatures. − Depending on the rigidity of the chalcogenide network, this can either increase the internal pressure or cause a plasticizing effect, where either can enhance the crystal growth. Note that for the growth initiated at the substrate/film interface (such as is that in the Se–Te thin films), only a several nanometers penetration of the Na + ions into the thin film would probably suffice to alter the nucleation behavior and the growth along (and in the vicinity of) the interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Growth in Se–Te Chalcogenides: Overview of the Growth/Relaxation/Viscosity Interplay for Bulk Glasses and Thin Films

Svoboda

Přikryl

Provotorov

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

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Crystal growth in 1 μm Se(1–y)Te y thin films (for y = 0, 7, 10, and 17) deposited on the Kapton, SiO2 glass, and white glass substrates was researched and quantified by means of a unique combination of direct joint microscopic and calorimetric measurements. As a general feature, the crystal growth in the Se–Te thin films deposited on a Kapton tape was very close to the native/bulk crystal growth. Deposition on the inorganic glassy substrates largely accelerated the crystal growth in the Se–Te thin films due to the build-up of internal tension originating from the large difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the film and the substrate. An additional increase in the crystal growth rate was also caused by the diffusion of Na+ ions from the white glass substrate into the Se–Te films. Almost perfect correspondence was found for the activation energies of crystal growth determined by various measurement techniques (calorimetry and microscopy) and for various Se–Te sample forms (thin films, bulk glass, powdered bulk glass). A very good agreement was found also between the activation energies of viscous flow and structural relaxation at the glass transition temperature T g. At higher temperatures, the Se–Te thin films exhibit a minor-to-moderate breach of the Stokes–Einstein law, as expressed by the value of Ediger’s decoupling parameter ξ ≈ 0.80 ± 0.05. At lower temperatures near the glass transition, the violation of the Stokes–Einstein relation deepens for the thin films with higher Te content. An explanation was proposed based on the potential interconnection between the below-T g relaxation kinetics and above-T g connectivity of the undercooled liquid domains (resulting either in changes of the effective hydrodynamic radius during the self-diffusion or in the tendency to create structural inhomogeneities via thermal fluctuations).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Growth in Se–Te Chalcogenides: Overview of the Growth/Relaxation/Viscosity Interplay for Bulk Glasses and Thin Films

Svoboda

Přikryl

Provotorov

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…Polymers, 6–8 glass, 1,2,9,10 ceramic materials, 11 and glass–ceramic composites 12–15 can be considered for GRIN component fabrication. However, material options in the infrared range are extremely limited, particularly those with high transmittance properties above 2 µm 16,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several schemes have been attempted in the IR field with stunning results, such as ion exchange, 10 glass–ceramics, 16,21 and thermal diffusion 5,22 . Fourmentin et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and refractive index characterization of chalcogenide glasses with gradient refractive index

Guan

Xia²,

et al. 2022

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Infrared gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses have great application value and potential in multispectral imaging systems. This study reports various chalcogenide axial GRIN glasses prepared using the hot‐pressing diffusion method. It is worth noting that the S4–S60 GRIN sample has a difference in refractive index (RI) Δn of greater than 0.3 and a diffusion depth of about 5 mm, which is the deepest diffusion depth reported in chalcogenide glass to date. In addition, the linear portion in the profile of the GRIN sample has a RI difference of 0.15 and a thickness of 1.2 mm. The effects of the temperature, concentration difference, and diffusion time on the sample diffusion process are discussed. The dispersion properties of the GRIN samples were further calculated, providing a new option for correcting chromatic aberrations in optical systems. In addition, a method for the indirect nondestructive characterization of sample RI using the Raman intensity ratio is proposed, and the reliability of the method is verified by practical experiments, which is convenient for the subsequent measurement of the GRIN profile.

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“…Chalcogenide glasses containing alkali and Group 11 (Cu, Ag) halides MY (Y = Cl, Br, I) are promising materials for various appli-cations. The light alkali and AgY/CuY vitreous chalcogenide alloys exhibit high ionic conductivity [1][2][3][4] while their heavy alkali counterparts show excellent optical properties, see for example, [5,6] and references therein. The structural role of metal halides in chalcogenide glass networks remains either essentially unknown (alkali halides) or controversial (CuY, AgY).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%