“…Some scholars reacted critically to Lynn, both on methodological and historical grounds (Beraldo, 2010;Cornoldi, Giofrè, & Martini, 2013;Cornoldi, Belacchi, Giofrè, Martini, & Tressoldi, 2010;D'Amico, Cardaci, Di Nuovo, & Naglieri, 2012;Daniele & Malanima, 2011a;Felice & Giugliano, 2011;Robinson, Saggino, & Tommasi, 2011). In replying to his critics, Lynn (2010bLynn ( , 2012a provided further evidence of a North-South IQ gap of about 10 points, and showed that Italian regional IQ differences are related to the frequencies of genetic markers for the percentages of North African ancestry in the Southern populations. Support for Lynn's thesis has been provided by Piffer and Lynn (2014), who considered, for five Italian macro-regions, the mean scores of 15-year old students in the PISA Creative Problem Solving test, a measure of the ability to solve problems in non-routinely situations.…”