IPods listening levels on London Underground

Dance, Stephen; Wash, P.

doi:10.1121/1.2934299

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The L music values agree with the previous results of optimum headphone listening levels, which were obtained by ear simulators using IEC 60318 16,35 and IEC 60711 couplers. 17,36,37 However, these listening levels are smaller than the optimum listening levels obtained at an eardrum measured using a probe microphone. 27 Although ear simulators replicate the function of the external ear canal, the response obtained from such ear simulators is smaller than that from probe microphones at the eardrum.…”

Section: B Effect Of Musicmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies have reported that the listening level of rock music is higher than that of pop music. 16,17 The reason for this difference, however, has not yet been clarified, because music genres cannot be evaluated objectively. Optimum listening levels through stereo loudspeakers have been examined by the semantic differential method, 18 with results showing that powerful and sharp music was listened to at higher volumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Some studies have reported the listening levels of rock music to be higher than those of pop music. 16,17 The background music of rock usually contains strong drum beats and intensive electric guitar sounds. A listener of rock music may therefore turn up the volume to catch the vocals among such background music.…”

Section: B Effect Of Musicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Listening level of music through headphones in train car noise environments

Shimokura

Soeta

2012

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Although portable music devices are useful for passing time on trains, exposure to music using headphones for long periods carries the risk of damaging hearing acuity. The aim of this study is to examine the listening level of music through headphones in the noisy environment of a train car. Eight subjects adjusted the volume to an optimum level (L(music)) in a simulated noisy train car environment. In Experiment I, the effects of noise level (L(train)) and type of train noise (rolling, squealing, impact, and resonance) were examined. Spectral and temporal characteristics were found to be different according to the train noise type. In Experiment II, the effects of L(train) and type of music (five vocal and five instrumental music) were examined. Each music type had a different pitch strength and spectral centroid, and each was evaluated by φ(1) and W(φ(0)), respectively. These were classified as factors of the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the music. Results showed that L(music) increased as L(train) increased in both experiments, while the type of music greatly influenced L(music). The type of train noise, however, only slightly influenced L(music). L(music) can be estimated using L(train) and the ACF factors φ(1) and W(φ(0)).

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Section: B Effect Of Musicmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Listening level of music through headphones in train car noise environments

Shimokura

Soeta

2012

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Studies have reported that the listening level of rock music is higher than that of pop music (Miyake and Kumashiro 1986;Dance and Wash 2008). Studies have reported that the listening level of rock music is higher than that of pop music (Miyake and Kumashiro 1986;Dance and Wash 2008).…”

Section: Listening Level Of Music Through Headphones In Train Car Noimentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurally Based Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Noise

Soeta

Ando

2015

Mathematics for Industry

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Aims & ScopeThe meaning of "Mathematics for Industry" (sometimes abbreviated as MI or MfI) is different from that of "Mathematics in Industry" (or of "Industrial Mathematics"). The latter is restrictive: it tends to be identified with the actual mathematics that specifically arises in the daily management and operation of manufacturing. The former, however, denotes a new research field in mathematics that may serve as a foundation for creating future technologies. This concept was born from the integration and reorganization of pure and applied mathematics in the present day into a fluid and versatile form capable of stimulating awareness of the importance of mathematics in industry, as well as responding to the needs of industrial technologies. The history of this integration and reorganization indicates that this basic idea will someday find increasing utility. Mathematics can be a key technology in modern society.The series aims to promote this trend by (1) providing comprehensive content on applications of mathematics, especially to industry technologies via various types of scientific research, (2) introducing basic, useful, necessary and crucial knowledge for several applications through concrete subjects, and (3) introducing new research results and developments for applications of mathematics in the real world. These points may provide the basis for opening a new mathematicsoriented technological world and even new research fields of mathematics.More information about this series at

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“…found out that the listening level increased by about 3 dBA for a 10 dBA increment of background noise 17 . Furthermore, comparing the listening levels of 33 subjects in silence with on board metro conditions simulated in laboratory, it was concluded that commuters increased their volume of the A-weighted levels by 15 dB on the average while listening to music and of 22 dB listening to podcast 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Noise exposure for personal music player users in metros

Maffei¹,

Masullo²,

Palmieri³

2011

Noise Control Eng. J.

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Research on acoustics conditions inside transport systems have demonstrated that the noise in metros trains can reach levels comparable with those of industrial activities. These sound levels can affect the acoustic comfort, reducing significantly the speech communication between passengers and influencing behaviour and habits during the performance of secondary activities. On the other hand, the proliferation of the personal music players (PMPs) and the wide spread daily use of these devices by the new generations can be the reason for hearing loss when the music listening takes place in noisy environments. In this study the results of a survey on the listening habits of PMPs users interviewed on board of a metro and the measurements of the maximum output levels of the most commonly used PMPs are presented. The results of a laboratory test, which aim was to analyse the listening levels of a group of subjects during a simulation of the PMPs listening in the different metros' acoustic environment, are also presented. The results of the tests were then processed to evaluate the noise exposure levels and the hearing loss risks. V C 2011 Institute of Noise Control Engineering.

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IPods listening levels on London Underground

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Listening level of music through headphones in train car noise environments

Listening level of music through headphones in train car noise environments

Neurally Based Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Noise

Noise exposure for personal music player users in metros

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