IPBES, 2019. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Bongaarts, John

doi:10.1111/padr.12283

Cited by 547 publications

(463 citation statements)

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“…Ocean biodiversity supports many of the ocean industries, activities and services relied upon by society (Martin et al, 2015;Barbier, 2017;United Nations et al, 2017;Barbier et al, 2018) yet is vulnerable to global environmental change from largescale impacts such as climate change and changes in ocean chemistry, as well as more localized changes such as habitat modification or disturbance (Worm et al, 2006;Bongaarts, 2019). Cumulatively, these changes reduce the resilience of ocean ecosystems and produce noticeable changes in species behavior (e.g., migration, reproduction) and habitat formation (Bongaarts, 2019). Indigenous and Traditional Peoples make up around 5% of the global population, yet are in charge of lands that account for over 40 percent of the world's biodiversity (Garnett et al, 2018), therefore Indigenous and Traditional Peoples' roles in conservation for biodiversity in the context of climate change will need to be a part of the solutions moving into the future.…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

100 Opportunities for More Inclusive Ocean Research: Cross-Disciplinary Research Questions for Sustainable Ocean Governance and Management

et al. 2020

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In order to inform decision making and policy, research to address sustainability challenges requires cross-disciplinary approaches that are co-created with a wide and inclusive diversity of disciplines and stakeholders. As the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development approaches, it is therefore timely to take stock of the global range of cross-disciplinary questions to inform the development of policies to restore and sustain ocean health. We synthesized questions from major science and policy horizon scanning exercises, identifying 89 questions with relevance for ocean policy and governance. We then scanned the broad ocean science literature to examine issues potentially missed in the horizon scans and supplemented the horizon scan outcome with 11 additional questions. This resulted in an unprioritized list of 100 general questions that would require a cross-disciplinary approach to inform policy. The questions fell into broad categories including: coastal and marine environmental change, managing ocean activities, governance for sustainable oceans, ocean value, and technological and socioeconomic innovation. Each question can be customized by ecosystem, region, scale, and socio-political context, and is intended to inspire discussions of salient cross-disciplinary research directions to direct scientific research that will inform policies. Governance and management responses to these questions will best be informed by drawing upon a diversity of natural and social sciences, local and traditional knowledge, and engagement of different sectors and stakeholders.

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Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

100 Opportunities for More Inclusive Ocean Research: Cross-Disciplinary Research Questions for Sustainable Ocean Governance and Management

et al. 2020

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“…One major concern is that the extent of environmental change may outpace the limits of biological responses with negative effects leading to population declines, changes in species distributions and potentially extinction for species with limited response capacity (Pimm et al 1995, Thuiller et al 2004, Urban 2015. These biological changes could eventually affect not just global diversity patterns, but also entire ecosystems and the services that they provide to humans (Bongaarts 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological delay despite warming in wood frog Rana sylvatica reproductive timing: a 20‐year study

et al. 2020

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Across all taxa, amphibians exhibit some of the strongest phenological shifts in response to climate change. As climates warm, amphibians and other animals are expected to breed earlier in response to temperature cues. However, if species use fixed cues such as daylight, their breeding timing might remain fixed, potentially creating disconnects between their life history and environmental conditions. Wood frogs Rana sylvatica are a cold‐adapted species that reproduce in early spring, immediately after breeding ponds are free of ice. We used long‐term surveys of wood frog oviposition timing in 64 breeding ponds over 20 yr to show that, despite experiencing a warming of 0.29°C per decade in annual temperature, wood frog breeding phenology has shifted later by 2.8 d since 2000 (1.4 d per decade; 4.8 d per °C). This counterintuitive pattern is likely the result of changes in the timing of snowpack accumulation and melting. Finally, we used relationships between climate and oviposition between 2000 and 2018 to hindcast oviposition dates from climate records to model longer‐term trends since 1980. Our study indicates that species can respond to fine‐grained seasonal climate heterogeneity within years that is not apparent or counterintuitive when related to annual trends across years.

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“…for the pet trade or for ornamental horticulture, or unintentional, e.g. as stowaways on ships, planes, and vehicles or in the commodities carried by them (Hulme et al 2008). The effective management of these pathways of introduction is critical to reduce future introductions.…”

Section: Essential Properties Of An Ias Target (I) It Should Considermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)’s Post-2020 target on invasive alien species – what should it include and how should it be monitored?

Essl¹,

Latombe²,

Lenzner³

et al. 2020

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The year 2020 and the next few years are critical for the development of the global biodiversity policy agenda until the mid-21st century, with countries agreeing to a Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Reducing the substantial and still rising impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on biodiversity will be essential if we are to meet the 2050 Vision where biodiversity is valued, conserved, and restored. A tentative target has been developed by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG), and formally submitted to the CBD for consideration in the discussion on the Post-2020 targets. Here, we present properties of this proposal that we regard as essential for an effective Post-2020 Framework. The target should explicitly consider the three main components of biological invasions, i.e. (i) pathways, (ii) species, and (iii) sites; the target should also be (iv) quantitative, (v) supplemented by a set of indicators that can be applied to track progress, and (vi) evaluated at medium- (2030) and long-term (2050) time horizons. We also present a proposed set of indicators to track progress. These properties and indicators are based on the increasing scientific understanding of biological invasions and effectiveness of responses. Achieving an ambitious action-oriented target so that the 2050 Vision can be achieved will require substantial effort and resources, and the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders.

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IPBES, 2019. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Cited by 547 publications

References 0 publications

100 Opportunities for More Inclusive Ocean Research: Cross-Disciplinary Research Questions for Sustainable Ocean Governance and Management

100 Opportunities for More Inclusive Ocean Research: Cross-Disciplinary Research Questions for Sustainable Ocean Governance and Management

Phenological delay despite warming in wood frog Rana sylvatica reproductive timing: a 20‐year study

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)’s Post-2020 target on invasive alien species – what should it include and how should it be monitored?

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