IoT Resource Access utilizing Blockchains and Trusted Execution Environments

Siris, Vasilios A.; Dimopoulos, Dimitrios; Fotiou, Nikos; Voulgaris, Spyros; Polyzos, George C.

doi:10.1109/giots.2019.8766403

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Hash-locking [37] uses hash algorithm [38] and time lock [39] to achieve cross-chain asset exchange, which is often applied to exchange tokens on different chains, such as between ethereum and bitcoin on ethereum, but the needs of asset transfer and message sending cannot be achieved independently. Hash-locking provides time delay for both parties to interact assets and ensures the atomicity of transactions [40], i.e., the operation of both parties is a whole and can only be fully completed or fully undone, and the priority encryption of sent assets avoids problems such as double-spending, which is a lightweight and more secure cross-chain asset interaction technology.…”

Section: A Hash-lockingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Cross-Chain Technology: Challenges, Development, and Prospect

et al. 2023

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With the continuous development of blockchain technology, many blockchain applications, such as digital currencies in the form of tokens, are deployed. However, due to the lack of data and value inter-blockchain transmission methods, these chain applications form many data islands. Therefore, crosschain technology is proposed and applied in distributed transaction platforms, digital finance, e-government and many other different fields. Although cross-chain technology just started, the cross-chain technology and its applications are gradually improving to meet the development needs of blockchain system. At the same time, they have already realized asset transfers across heterogeneous blockchains and platforms, and some projects have realized cross-chain information exchange. At present, cross-chain technology includes the following typical methods: Hash-locking, Notary scheme, Distributed private key control, Sidechains/Relays and Tight coupling. This paper analyzes the above methods from the aspect of techniques, security requirements, and technical limitation, and compares their applicability. With public blockchains and consortium blockchains, this paper analyzes their problems and challenges in cross-chain technology and introduces the main approaches of existing solutions. By analyzing the existing cross-chain technologies and problems, this paper further introduces eight popular cross-chain projects and their application prospects. Finally, this paper summarizes and proposes the future research topics and development trends of cross-chain technology.

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Section: A Hash-lockingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Cross-Chain Technology: Challenges, Development, and Prospect

et al. 2023

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“…A model is proposed in [130] to provide IoT devices the trust while making the payment by using blockchain and OAuth 2.0 authorization framework. It ensures the confidentiality and integrity of IoT data.…”

Section: Auditable Trustworthy and Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Implementation complexity, (2) Response time analysis along with the security perspective needs to be presented in details Agrawal et al [79] Makes the system robust, secure and immune to failure Lack of details of the proposed system along with implementation cost Guin et al [41] (1) Registered devices can be verified anywhere without actually locating the manufacturer, ( 2 [130] (1) Ensures the confidentiality and integrity of IoT data, (2) Hash-lock and time-lock mechanisms are used to cryptographically link various trusted IoT resources access, along with for authorisation grants and blockchain payments…”

Section: Integration Of Iot With Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Applications of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Improve Performance of Internet of Things? -- A Survey

Bothra¹,

Karmakar

Bhattacharya³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), massive computing devices surrounding us operate and interact with each other to provide several significant services in industries, medical as well as in daily life activities at home, office, education sectors, and so on. The participating devices in an IoT network usually have resource constraints and the devices are prone to different cyber attacks, leading to the loopholes in the security and authentication. As a revolutionized and innovated technology, blockchain, that is applied in cryptocurrency, market prediction, etc., uses a distributed ledger that records transactions securely and efficiently. To utilize the great potential of blockchain, both industries and academia have paid a significant attention to integrate it with the IoT, as reported by several existing literature. On the other hand, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is able to embed intelligence in a system, and thus the AI can be integrated with IoT devices in order to automatically cope with different environments according to the demands. Furthermore, both blockchain and AI can be integrated with the IoT to design an automated secure and robust IoT model, as mentioned by numerous existing works. In this survey, we present a discussion on the IoT, blockchain, and AI, along with the descriptions of several research works that apply blockchain and AI in the IoT. In this direction, we point out strengths and limitations of the related existing researches. We also discuss different open challenges to exploit the full capacities of blockchain and AI in designing an IoT-based model. Therefore, the highlighted challenging issues can open the door for the development of future IoT models which will be intelligent and secure based on the integration of blockchain and AI with the IoT.

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“…AnyLedger is pluggable to any blockchain technology (for example Ethereum or Bitcoin). [61] is another system which equips IoT devices with a TEE to guarantee integrity and confidentiality of the IoT data.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

TZ4Fabric: Executing Smart Contracts with ARM TrustZone

Müller,

Brandenburger,

Cachin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Blockchain technology promises to revolutionize manufacturing industries. For example, several supply-chain usecases may benefit from transparent asset tracking and automated processes using smart contracts. Several real-world deployments exist where the transparency aspect of a blockchain is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time. The exposure of assets and business interaction represent critical risks. However, there are typically no confidentiality guarantees to protect the smart contract logic as well as the processed data. Trusted execution environments (TEE) are an emerging technology available in both edge or mobile-grade processors (e.g., ARM TRUSTZONE) and server-grade processors (e.g., Intel SGX). TEEs shield both code and data from malicious attackers. This practical experience report presents TZ4FABRIC, an extension of Hyperledger Fabric to leverage ARM TRUSTZONE for the secure execution of smart contracts. Our design minimizes the trusted computing base executed by avoiding the execution of a whole Hyperledger Fabric node inside the TEE, which continues to run in untrusted environment. Instead, we restrict it to the execution of only the smart contract. The TZ4FABRIC prototype exploits the opensource OP-TEE framework, as it supports deployments on cheap low-end devices (e.g., Raspberry Pis). Our experimental results highlight the performance trade-off due to the additional security guarantees provided by ARM TRUSTZONE. TZ4FABRIC will be released as open-source.

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IoT Resource Access utilizing Blockchains and Trusted Execution Environments

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

A Survey on Cross-Chain Technology: Challenges, Development, and Prospect

A Survey on Cross-Chain Technology: Challenges, Development, and Prospect

How Can Applications of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Improve Performance of Internet of Things? -- A Survey

TZ4Fabric: Executing Smart Contracts with ARM TrustZone

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