IoT &amp; environmental analytical chemistry: Towards a profitable symbiosis

Capella, J.V.; Bonastre, Alberto; Campelo, José Carlos; Ors, R.; Peris, Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.teac.2020.e00095

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, from a fabrication point of view, promising trends are represented by novel inks and non-conventional substrates for lowering the costs of biosensor fabrication (e.g., paperor carbon-based materials) [223], by enhanced control of direct surface electrode modifications with nanostructures [98] or binding molecules for the enhancement of sensors' sensitivity and specificity [224]. From a design point of view, promising opportunities are represented by cost-effective realization of fully printed integrated solutions [225], providing customized electronic hardware for ensuring proper biosensors conditioning and wireless data transmission [226], microfluidic circuits to ensure sample preparation, distribution and immobilization and effective strategies for continuous biosensing [214].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Electrochemical Biosensors: Opportunities and Metrological Challenges

2020

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Printed electrochemical biosensors have recently gained increasing relevance in fields ranging from basic research to home-based point-of-care. Thus, they represent a unique opportunity to enable low-cost, fast, non-invasive and/or continuous monitoring of cells and biomolecules, exploiting their electrical properties. Printing technologies represent powerful tools to combine simpler and more customizable fabrication of biosensors with high resolution, miniaturization and integration with more complex microfluidic and electronics systems. The metrological aspects of those biosensors, such as sensitivity, repeatability and stability, represent very challenging aspects that are required for the assessment of the sensor itself. This review provides an overview of the opportunities of printed electrochemical biosensors in terms of transducing principles, metrological characteristics and the enlargement of the application field. A critical discussion on metrological challenges is then provided, deepening our understanding of the most promising trends in order to overcome them: printed nanostructures to improve the limit of detection, sensitivity and repeatability; printing strategies to improve organic biosensor integration in biological environments; emerging printing methods for non-conventional substrates; microfluidic dispensing to improve repeatability. Finally, an up-to-date analysis of the most recent examples of printed electrochemical biosensors for the main classes of target analytes (live cells, nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites and electrolytes) is reported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed Electrochemical Biosensors: Opportunities and Metrological Challenges

2020

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“…Additionally, the Gateway may take on other important tasks related to certain organization and control of the network, initial data processing, and so on. In terms of the communication between the Gateway and the IMS, it should be highlighted that this system is increasingly based on the Internet and its services; in this sense, the current commercial networks (4G, 5G, ADSL, and optical fiber) play a relevant role, along with the substantial increase in the storage and processing in the Cloud [ 26 ]. In short, and from the point of view of the IMS, the current evolution is leading from an IMS based on a single server to an entity formed around services in the Cloud (where the information is stored, processed, and made available to the user).…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Ammonium Smart Sensor with Interference Rejection

Capella

Bonastre

Campelo

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In many water samples, it is important to determine the ammonium concentration in order to obtain an overall picture of the environmental impact of pollutants and human actions, as well as to detect the stage of eutrophization. Ion selective electrodes (ISEs) have been commonly utilized for this purpose, although the presence of interfering ions (potassium and sodium in the case of NH4+-ISE) represents a handicap in terms of the measurement quality. Furthermore, random malfunctions may give rise to incorrect measurements. Bearing all of that in mind, a smart ammonium sensor with enhanced features has been developed and tested in water samples, as demonstrated and commented on in detail following the presentation of the complete set of experimental measurements that have been successfully carried out. This has been achieved through the implementation of an expert system that supervises a set of ISEs in order to (a) avoid random failures and (b) reject interferences. Our approach may also be suitable for in-line monitoring of the water quality through the implementation of wireless sensor networks.

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“…31 In recent years, IoT-based smart environmental monitoring with sensors has gained attention due to its capabilities of continuous data acquisition from various locations and its cloud services. 32 For example, Bao et al developed a low-cost wireless device to measure heavy metals in sewage water, 33 however, this device suffers from internet support. Although Alam et al reported a smartphone-based water quality monitoring system, there is a lack of an automatic sampling device such that the samples must be collected and manually applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%