Ionospheric irregularities produced by internal atmospheric gravity waves

Hooke, William H.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9169(68)80033-9

Cited by 325 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The characteristics of the F2 layer stratification in Figure 2 are similar to those in Uemoto et al (2011) and Fagundes et al (2007). To compare synthesized ionograms with the first type of the F2 layer stratification observed by ionosondes which mostly occurred at the middle of the F2 layer, we should consider that the exponential growth of the gravity wave amplitude with altitude (Hines, 1960;Hooke, 1968) and the gravity waves might break at higher altitude in Figure 1. Electron density as a function of horizontal distance and altitude at the observation time of 0 min when there is a traveling ionospheric disturbance in the ionosphere, and solid lines represent typical radio rays (working frequency at 12 MHz) propagated in the perturbed ionosphere (the angle of elevation of radio rays is between 70°and 110°with a step of 2°).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

A Study of the F2 Layer Stratification on Ionograms Using a Simple Model of TIDs

et al. 2019

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To study the effect of gravity waves/traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) on ionograms with the F2 layer stratification, we reconstructed ionograms using a simple of TIDs model through a ray tracing method. Results show that two typical types of the F2 layer stratification induced by gravity waves/TIDs could be synthesized on ionograms by the simple model of TIDs in this study. Furthermore, we found that vertical and horizontal gradients caused by TIDs could cause different features on ionograms. Results suggested that the vertical gradient induced by gravity waves/TIDs could cause the F2 stratification. The horizontal gradient caused by gravity waves/TIDs might play a significant role in forming spread F on ionograms. Moreover, we found that the smaller wavelength and larger periodical time of TIDs could make it easier to form the F2 layer stratification on ionograms through modeling studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

A Study of the F2 Layer Stratification on Ionograms Using a Simple Model of TIDs

et al. 2019

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“…Several historical papers provide the physical basis for tsunami-ionospheric coupling, most notably the initial work of Hines [1960] and Hooke [1968] on the theory of internal atmospheric gravity waves and the subsequent response of electron and ion densities in their presence. The additional work of Davis [1973]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of tsunami‐generated ionospheric signatures over Hawaii caused by the 16 September 2015 Illapel earthquake

Grawe

Makela

2017

JGR Space Physics

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Tsunamis generate internal gravity waves (IGWs) that propagate vertically into the atmosphere and can create detectable signatures in the ionosphere. These signatures have consistently been observed in the presence of a tsunami for over a decade in the total electron content and for over 5 years in the 630.0 nm airglow. Here we show perturbations appearing in filtered GPS‐derived total electron content (TEC) and 630.0 nm airglow above Hawaii during the passing of the tsunami induced by the 16 September 2015 earthquake in Illapel, Chile. We report measurements of IGW parameters from both observation methodologies using a combination of prior methods and a newly developed method that uses a Gabor filter bank. A previously developed geometric model that takes into account the assumed posture of tsunami‐induced IGWs in the geomagnetic field and the observation geometry is shown to predict fairly well the expected location of the observation in the sky. Results of the Gabor filtering technique are also compared to previously published results for the 11 March 2011 Tohoku event. An overall comparison between all of the tsunami‐induced signatures that have appeared in both the 630.0 nm airglow and TEC above Hawaii to date is provided.

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“…The study of acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) and traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) from auroral sources had been an active research area for several decades [see, e.g., Davis and da Rosa, 1969;Hunsucker, 1982;Hajkowicz and Hunsucker, 1987;Shiokawa et al, 2005;MacDougall and Jayachandran, 2011]. Furthermore, the physical mechanism for AGWs to manifest themselves in ionospheric plasma as TIDs had also been extensively studied in a number of theoretical and modeling works [see, e.g., Hooke, 1968Hooke, , 1970aHooke, , 1970bHooke, , 1970cMorgan and Calderon, 1978;Kirchengast, 1996;Kirchengast et al, 1996;Ogawa et al, 2002]. More recently, the availability of data from wide and dense network of GPS receiver stations around the globe has also provided an unprecedented monitoring capability in this field of research [e.g., Tsugawa et al, 2004Tsugawa et al, , 2006Nishioka et al, 2009;Ding et al, 2013;Otsuka et al, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interhemispheric propagation and interactions of auroral traveling ionospheric disturbances near the equator

et al. 2016

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We present the results of our GPS total electron content and ionosonde observations of large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) during the 26 September 2011 geomagnetic storm. We analyzed the propagation characteristics of these LSTIDs from the auroral zones all the way to the equatorial region and studied how the auroral LSTIDs from opposite hemispheres interact/interfere near the geomagnetic equator. We found an overall propagation speed of ∼700 m/s for these LSTIDs and that the resultant amplitude of the LSTID interference pattern actually far exceeded the sum of individual amplitudes of the incoming LSTIDs from the immediate vicinity of the interference zone. We suspect that this peculiar intensification of auroral LSTIDs around the geomagnetic equator is facilitated by the significantly higher ceiling/canopy of the ionospheric plasma layer there. Normally, acoustic‐gravity waves (AGWs) that leak upward (and thus increase in amplitude) would find a negligible level of plasma density at the topside ionosphere. However, the tip of the equatorial fountain at the geomagnetic equator constitutes a significant amount of plasma at a topside‐equivalent altitude. The combination of increased AGW amplitudes and a higher plasma density at such altitude would therefore result in higher‐amplitude LSTIDs in this particular region, as demonstrated in our observations and analysis.

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Ionospheric irregularities produced by internal atmospheric gravity waves

Cited by 325 publications

References 19 publications

A Study of the F2 Layer Stratification on Ionograms Using a Simple Model of TIDs

A Study of the F2 Layer Stratification on Ionograms Using a Simple Model of TIDs

Observation of tsunami‐generated ionospheric signatures over Hawaii caused by the 16 September 2015 Illapel earthquake

Interhemispheric propagation and interactions of auroral traveling ionospheric disturbances near the equator

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