Ionization and pair creation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

Ionization, pair creation, and electron excitations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are investigated in the framework of the coupled-channel formalisrn. Collisions between heavy projectiles and pb8*+ are considered for various bombarding energies in the region E =500 up to 2000 MeV/u. Useful symmetry relations for the matrix elements are derived and the influence of gauge transformations onto the coupled-channel equations is explored. PACS nurnber(s): 34.90. +q, 36.10.Dr,

The physics of ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC

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“…Coupled-channel calculations of e + e − production have been performed at low kinetic energies, 1-2 GeV per nucleon [270][271][272]. A significant increase over perturbation theory was found.…”

Photon Exchange in Nucleus–nucleus Collisions

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