Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery

Tang, Xuefeng; Zhang, Ying; Han, Xiaojun

doi:10.1002/anbr.202300006

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…This neutrality is advantageous in diminish-ing the rapid clearance from the bloodstream and in mitigating the activation of the immune system following intravenous administration. [181] Some of these LNPs demonstrated specific lymph node targeting over other organs through lipid structure modifications.…”

Section: Ionizable Lnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles Targeting Lymph Nodes for Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies and Influencing Factors

Li,

Zhong,

Cao

et al. 2024

Small

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Immunotherapy has emerged as a potent strategy in cancer treatment, with many approved drugs and modalities in the development stages. Despite its promise, immunotherapy is not without its limitations, including side effects and suboptimal efficacy. Using nanoparticles (NPs) as delivery vehicles to target immunotherapy to lymph nodes (LNs) can improve the efficacy of immunotherapy drugs and reduce side effects in patients. In this context, this paper reviews the development of LN‐targeted immunotherapeutic NP strategies, the mechanisms of NP transport during LN targeting, and their related biosafety risks. NP targeting of LNs involves either passive targeting, influenced by NP physical properties, or active targeting, facilitated by affinity ligands on NP surfaces, while alternative methods, such as intranodal injection and high endothelial venule (HEV) targeting, have uncertain clinical applicability and require further research and validation. LN targeting of NPs for immunotherapy can reduce side effects and increase biocompatibility, but risks such as toxicity, organ accumulation, and oxidative stress remain, although strategies such as biodegradable biomacromolecules, polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating, and impurity addition can mitigate these risks. Additionally, this work concludes with a future‐oriented discussion, offering critical insights into the field.

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Section: Ionizable Lnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles Targeting Lymph Nodes for Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies and Influencing Factors

Li,

Zhong,

Cao

et al. 2024

Small

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“…In contrast, adding saponin, a mild surfactant, can enhance the loading of hydrophilic compounds (Rankin‐Turner et al., 2021). While exogenous loading methods for lipid nanoparticles such as liposomes have been optimized for their industrial‐scale production, such progress in EV‐based loading is still lacking (Wang et al., 2022).…”

Section: Ev‐engineering and Drug‐loading Strategies For Ev‐mediated D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles: Recent therapeutics and targeted drug delivery advances

Bhat,

Malik,

Yadav

et al. 2024

J of Extracellular Bio

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The targeted drug delivery field is rapidly advancing, focusing on developing biocompatible nanoparticles that meet rigorous criteria of non‐toxicity, biocompatibility, and efficient release of encapsulated molecules. Conventional synthetic nanoparticles (SNPs) face complications such as elevated immune responses, complex synthesis methods, and toxicity, which restrict their utility in therapeutics and drug delivery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising substitutes for SNPs, leveraging their ability to cross biological barriers, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and natural origin. Notably, mesenchymal stem cell‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs) have garnered much curiosity due to their potential in therapeutics and drug delivery. Studies suggest that MSC‐EVs, the central paracrine contributors of MSCs, replicate the therapeutic effects of MSCs. This review explores the characteristics of MSC‐EVs, emphasizing their potential in therapeutics and drug delivery for various diseases, including CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for gene editing. It also delves into the obstacles and challenges of MSC‐EVs in clinical applications and provides insights into strategies to overcome the limitations of biodistribution and target delivery.

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“…Due to the ionic interactions between the endosomal membrane and nanoparticles, the endosome structure is destroyed, leading to successful endosomal escape and drug release. 138 Therefore, the surface charge of nanoparticles is an essential factor to consider in drug delivery system design. However, the biological environment is very complicated; different surface charges may result in different protein absorption on the surface.…”

Section: Surface Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…After they are encapsulated in the endosome, the gradually acidic environment increases with the maturation of endosomes, which induces the ionizable lipids to possess a positive charge. Due to the ionic interactions between the endosomal membrane and nanoparticles, the endosome structure is destroyed, leading to successful endosomal escape and drug release . Therefore, the surface charge of nanoparticles is an essential factor to consider in drug delivery system design.…”

Section: Nanotechnology-based Strategies For Brain Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Scale, Big Impact: Nanotechnology-Enhanced Drug Delivery for Brain Diseases

Miao,

Xia,

Zou

et al. 2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, ranging from brain cancers to neurodegenerative disorders like dementia and acute conditions such as strokes, have been heavily burdening healthcare and have a direct impact on patient quality of life. A significant hurdle in developing effective treatments is the presence of the blood−brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective barrier that prevents most drugs from reaching the brain. The tight junctions and adherens junctions between the endothelial cells and various receptors expressed on the cells make the BBB form a nonfenestrated and highly selective structure that is crucial for brain homeostasis but complicates drug delivery. Nanotechnology offers a novel pathway to circumvent this barrier, with nanoparticles engineered to ferry drugs across the BBB, protect drugs from degradation, and deliver medications to the designated area. After years of development, nanoparticle optimization, including sizes, shapes, surface modifications, and targeting ligands, can enable nanomaterials tailored to specific brain drug delivery settings. Moreover, smart nano drug delivery systems can respond to endogenous and exogenous stimuli that control subsequent drug release. Here, we address the importance of the BBB in brain disease treatment, summarize different delivery routes for brain drug delivery, discuss the cutting-edge nanotechnology-based strategies for brain drug delivery, and further offer valuable insights into how these innovations in nanoparticle technology could revolutionize the treatment of CNS diseases, presenting a promising avenue for noninvasive, targeted therapeutic interventions.

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Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery

Cited by 8 publications

References 132 publications

Nanoparticles Targeting Lymph Nodes for Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies and Influencing Factors

Nanoparticles Targeting Lymph Nodes for Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies and Influencing Factors

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles: Recent therapeutics and targeted drug delivery advances

Small Scale, Big Impact: Nanotechnology-Enhanced Drug Delivery for Brain Diseases

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