Ionische Flüssigkeiten – neue „Lösungen“ für die Übergangsmetallkatalyse

Wasserscheid, Peter; Keim, Wilhelm

doi:10.1002/1521-3757(20001103)112:21<3926::aid-ange3926>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 646 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…In synthetic chemistry, IL have been explored as solvents and catalysts. Many reactions performed in IL showed advantages such as enhanced reaction rates, improved selectivity, or easier recycling of the catalysts (Gordon, 2001; Wasserscheid and Keim, 2000; Welton, 1999). IL also represent promising electrolytes for electrochemical applications such as studied by Bonhôte et al (1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of azeotropic mixtures using hyperbranched polymers or ionic liquids

et al. 2004

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In this work the suitability of selected commercially available hyperbranched polymers and ionic liquids as entrainers for the extractive distillation and as extraction solvents for the liquid–liquid extraction is investigated. Based on thermodynamic studies on the influence of hyperbranched polymers and ionic liquids on the vapor–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibrium of the azeotropic ethanol–water and THF–water systems, process simulations are carried out, which allow evaluating the potential of hyperbranched polymers and ionic liquids as selective components for the mentioned applications in terms of feasibility and energetic efficiency. Both hyperbranched polymers and ionic liquids break a variety of azeotropic systems. Since their selectivity, capacity, viscosity, and thermal stability can be customized, they appear superior to many conventional entrainers and extraction solvents. For the ethanol–water separation, the nonvolatile substances hyperbranched polyglycerol and [EMIM]+[BF4]− show a remarkable entrainer performance and therefore enable extractive distillation processes, which require less energy than the conventional process using 1,2‐ethanediol as an entrainer. Evaluation of a new THF–water separation process indicates the competitiveness of the suggested process and a considerable potential of using hyperbranched polymers as extraction solvents. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 50: 2439–2454, 2004

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of azeotropic mixtures using hyperbranched polymers or ionic liquids

et al. 2004

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“…Ionische Flüssigkeiten bieten eine elegante Lösung für die Wiedergewinnung von Katalysatoren, da sie nicht flüchtig, wiederverwendbar und mit vielen organischen Lösungsmitteln nicht mischbar sind und somit zweiphasige Katalysesysteme ermöglichen 287–289. Die Allenylidenrutheniumkomplexe sind wegen ihres ionischen Charakters sehr gut in Imidazoliumsalzen löslich.…”

Section: Rutheniumallenylidene Als Katalysatorvorstufen In Der Alkunclassified

Metallvinylidene und ‐allenylidene in der Katalyse

2006

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Das Auftreten einer katalytischen Metallvinylidenspezies wurde erstmals im Jahre 1986 vorgeschlagen, um die direkte regioselektive Bildung von Vinylcarbamaten aus terminalen Alkinen, Kohlendioxid und Aminen zu erklären. Seit diesem ersten Bericht haben sich diverse Metallvinylidene und Metallallenylidene, die die Schlüsselintermediate bei der Aktivierung sind, als sehr nützliche Reagentien für viele Alkinreaktionen erwiesen und außerdem zum gezielten Entwurf von neuen katalytischen Reaktionen beigetragen. Derweil sich diese Entdeckung nun zum zwanzigsten Male jährt, scheint der Zeitpunkt geeignet, auf die Fortschritte zurückzublicken, die seither bei der Anwendung von metallorganischen Vinylidenen und Allenylidenen in der Katalyse erzielt worden sind.

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“…This allows the preparation of ionic fluids possessing unique properties presently established for other azolium salts. 69,70 1. NMR spectra NMR spectroscopy is one of the main techniques for the identification of tetrazolium salts.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties and Structures Of Tetrazoliumentioning

confidence: 99%

1,3- and 1,4-Substituted tetrazolium salts

Войтехович¹,

Гапоник²,

Ивашкевич³

2002

Russ. Chem. Rev.

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The published data on the synthesis, physicochemical The published data on the synthesis, physicochemical properties, structures and reactions of 1,3-(1,3,5)-and 1,4-(1,4,5)-properties, structures and reactions of 1,3-(1,3,5)-and 1,4-(1,4,5)substituted tetrazolium salts are systematised and generalised. substituted tetrazolium salts are systematised and generalised. Their applications as starting compounds in the preparative Their applications as starting compounds in the preparative chemistry of heterocyclic derivatives and some other branches of chemistry of heterocyclic derivatives and some other branches of science and technology are reviewed. The bibliography includes science and technology are reviewed. The bibliography includes 122 references 122 references. .

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Ionische Flüssigkeiten – neue „Lösungen“ für die Übergangsmetallkatalyse

Cited by 646 publications

References 125 publications

Separation of azeotropic mixtures using hyperbranched polymers or ionic liquids

Separation of azeotropic mixtures using hyperbranched polymers or ionic liquids

Metallvinylidene und ‐allenylidene in der Katalyse

1,3- and 1,4-Substituted tetrazolium salts

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