Ionic strength effects in aqueous phase adsorption of metal ions on activated carbons

Copper and zinc adsorption by softwood and hardwood biochars under elevated sulphate-induced salinity and acidic pH conditions

“…A high ionic strength solution can decrease the electrostatic interactions between them, so does the adsorption capacity. López-Ramón et al (2003) reported a decrease in the interaction between metal ions and activated carbon at high salt concentration. Di Natale et al (2007) reported that the increase of solution salinity (e.g.…”

Preparation and evaluation of activated carbons from lotus stalk with trimethyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate activation for lead removal

“…There are two possible reasons for the decrease of Pb(II) uptake: (1) Screening effect. Na + partially neutralized the negative surface charges of the carbons and also accumulated in the vicinity of the carbons' surfaces, resulting in a reduction in attractive forces [49]; and (2) Activity coefficient effect. The increase of ionic strength influenced the activity coefficients of Pb ions and limited their transfer to the carbons' surfaces.…”

Physicochemical Properties of Carbon Materials: A Brief Overview

“…Be that as it may, the principles of the DLVO theory [269] have been shown to apply remarkably well. For example, López-Ramón et al [270] clarified "the effects of the ionic strength in the adsorption of metal ions on activated carbons. An increase in the ionic strength of the solution reduces the electrostatic interactions, either attractive or repulsive, due to a screening effect of the electrolyte."…”