Preparation and evaluation of activated carbons from lotus stalk with trimethyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate activation for lead removal

Liu, Hai; Dai, Peng; Zhang, Jian; Zhang, Chenglu; Bao, Nan; Cheng, Cheng; Ren, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.04.117

Cited by 79 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Also, the surface of ACs become more negatively charged which attracts the positive charge of Pb (II) ions [33]. This finding is supported by Gurgel and Gil and Lui et al [34,35] who stated that at low pH values, the electrostatic interaction between Pb (II) and protonated surfaces of ACs becomes very poor since at lower pHs, most acidic groups were in protonated forms. So, the uptake of Pb (II) was difficult as a result of the less electrostatic attraction.…”

Section: Effect Of Initial Ph Valuessupporting

confidence: 62%

Kinetic and adsorption study of Pb (II) toward different treated activated carbons derived from olive cake wastes

El-Kady

Carleer

Yperman

et al. 2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TAdsorption capacity of activated carbons (ACs) derived from olive cake toward Pb (II) was tested in batch single ion experimental mode as a function of time, pH, carbon dose, and initial ion concentration. Physicochemical properties were carried out for produced ACs and a commercial Organosorb 10-CO to elucidate the variations of observed results. The total pore volume reached 0.676 cm 3 g −1 for AC2 (activated under forced air); however, AC1 (activated under nitrogen) and Organosorb 10-CO had almost similar total pore volume (0.448 and 0.432 cm 3 g −1 , respectively). The mesopore volume for AC2 was 2.5 and 50 times of AC1 and Organosorb 10-CO, respectively. The scanning electron microscope images reflect the enhancement of thermochemical activation by H 3 PO 4 in increasing the porosity of both ACs. The adsorption of lead ions onto the ACs (confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray) occurred rapidly, since 45 and 48% of lead ions were adsorbed within 30 min onto AC1 and AC2, respectively, in contrast to a limited uptake for Organosorb 10-CO (27%). The q max was achieved within 2 h for AC1 and AC2; however, 3 h was required for Organosorb 10-CO. The tablet form of the commercial AC performs much slower in lead adsorption but established a much higher lead removal percent than the granular form. Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the equilibrium data with maximum adsorption capacity of 58.14, 188.67, and 39.84 mg g −1 for AC1, AC2, and Organosorb 10-CO, respectively. The sorption energy (E-value) was 19.36, 8.92, and 11.48 kJ mol −1 for AC1, AC2, and

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Section: Effect Of Initial Ph Valuessupporting

confidence: 62%

Kinetic and adsorption study of Pb (II) toward different treated activated carbons derived from olive cake wastes

El-Kady

Carleer

Yperman

et al. 2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…The differences in Ni(II) adsorption capacity was principally due to the amount of surface groups of carbon. Based on the literature 38,39 and our previous findings, 18,21 chemical adsorption mechanisms of metal cation on activated carbon mainly include electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and complexation. Thus, to further identify these adsorptive interactions between Ni(II) and the carbon surface, the influence of solution pH and ionic strength on Ni(II) adsorption and the XPS analysis of AC-Sta (nonporous carbon materials) before and after Ni(II) adsorption were further investigated.…”

Section: Adsorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on our previous studies, the feasibility of production of activated carbon by activation with organophosphorus compounds has been confirmed. 18,31 The produced activated carbon showed much higher acidic and basic groups contents than activated carbon derived from conventional phosphoric acid activation due to the oxidation of the radicals decomposed from organophosphates. It is well known that carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones with many alcoholic hydroxyl groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 In particular, the (deprotonated) acidic oxygenated groups such as carboxylic, lactonic and phenolic groups are able to bind metal cations by electrostatic attraction, ion exchange or complexation. 18,19 Additionally, the basic groups (delocalized lone-pair π electrons) can form electron donor-acceptor complexes with metal ions via proton exchange ( -Cπ-H 3 O + )or coordination (-Cπ). 20 The physiochemical characteristics of activated carbon are mainly determined by the carbon precursor as well as the activation method and condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate-based activated carbon with high surface acidity and basicity for nickel removal from synthetic wastewater

et al. 2015

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The feasibility of preparing activated carbon (AC-CHs) from carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose and starch) with phosphoric acid activation was evaluated by comparing its physicochemical properties and Ni(II) adsorption performance with a reference activated carbon (AC-PA) derived from Phragmites australis. The textural and chemical properties of the prepared activated carbon were characterized by N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, SEM, Boehm's titration and XPS. Although AC-CHs had much lower surface area (less than 700 m 2 g -1 ) than AC-PA (1057 m 2 g -1 ), they exhibited 45-70% larger Ni(II) adsorption capacity which could be mainly attributed to their 50-75% higher contents of total acidic and basic groups. The comparison of XPS analyses for starch-based activated carbon before and after Ni(II) adsorption indicated that Ni(II) cation combined with the oxygencontaining groups and basic groups (delocalized π-electrons) through the mechanisms of proton exchange, electrostatic attraction, and surface complexation. Kinetic results suggested that chemical reaction was the main rate-controlling step, and a very quick Ni(II) adsorption performance of ACCHs was presented with ~95% of maximum adsorption within 30 min. Both adsorption capacity and rate of the activated carbon depended on the surface chemistry as revealed by batch adsorption experiments and XPS analyses. This study demonstrated that AC-CHs could be promising materials for Ni(II) pollution minimization.

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“…19 However, for a material containing ionic groups, the effect of the surface area on the adsorption of heavy-metal ions is less important. In our previous study, 11 we found that the surface area of the samples had little impact on the adsorption of heavy-metal ions on the hybrid materials containing ionic groups.…”

Section: Fesem Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and adsorption behaviors of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid modified zwitterionic hybrid materials

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Novel ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-modified zwitterionic hybrid materials were prepared via a sol-gel process. Their adsorption performances for Pb 21 ions were examined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the reaction products. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of these hybrid materials could reach 200 C. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement showed that the addition of titanium butoxide could impact the crystallization transformation of these materials. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed that EDTA modification induced a decrease in the particle size. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that the optimal initial pH was 5. Moreover, we observed that the adsorptions for Pb 21 ions followed the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model, intraparticle diffusion, and Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, we found that the maximal Langmuir constant was 0.86 mmol/g. The negative Gibbs free energy values suggested that Pb 21 adsorption onto these samples was spontaneous in nature. The desorption experiment indicated that these samples could be recovered with aqueous HCl solution as a desorbent. These results suggest that the synthesized EDTA-modified zwitterionic hybrid materials are promising adsorbents that could be used to separate and recover heavy-metal ions from polluted wastewater. V C 2013Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39801.

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Preparation and evaluation of activated carbons from lotus stalk with trimethyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate activation for lead removal

Cited by 79 publications

References 54 publications

Kinetic and adsorption study of Pb (II) toward different treated activated carbons derived from olive cake wastes

Kinetic and adsorption study of Pb (II) toward different treated activated carbons derived from olive cake wastes

Carbohydrate-based activated carbon with high surface acidity and basicity for nickel removal from synthetic wastewater

Preparation and adsorption behaviors of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid modified zwitterionic hybrid materials

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