Ionic polymer–metal composite applications

HaqMazhar, ul; GangZhao,

doi:10.1680/jemmr.15.00026

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In many cases, they are a real alternative to traditional materials, for example in the manufacture of products for structural purposes [1][2][3]. Moreover, new special-purpose materials can be obtained on their basis [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Polypropylene in the Production of Metal-Filled Polymer Composites: Development and Characteristics

et al. 2020

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Metal-filled composites based on polypropylene waste have been successfully obtained with an injection molding method of metalized polymer raw materials. Using the model polymer, the peculiarities of the formation of the copper layer in solutions of chemical metallization on the polypropylene surface were investigated and the main factors influencing this process were established. The main influence on the rate of reduction of copper in solutions of chemical metallization has the concentration of copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and EDTA-Na2. It was shown that the efficiency of the copper plating process also strongly depends on polymer processing, which follows the activation. In case of the use of simple activation, it is not possible to obtain metalized raw materials with high efficiency. Additional processing of activated polymer raw materials is required to carry out the process with high efficiency. The amount of reduced copper on the polymer surface can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the components of the chemical metallization solution, as well as the degree of loading of the polymer raw material. Examination by electron scanning microscopy of the obtained metalized polypropylene showed that the copper coating on the polymer particles is formed with a high degree of surface coverage. The formed copper coating is free of copper oxides, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies and analysis of the spectrum of characteristic X-rays. Metal-filled composites have been characterized by the effect of copper on mechanical and rheological (MFR) properties. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric (TG) methods show a certain effect of metal on the magnitude of thermal effects and the rate of weight loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Polypropylene in the Production of Metal-Filled Polymer Composites: Development and Characteristics

et al. 2020

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“…The two main characteristics of IPMC are low activation voltage and large bending strain caused by the movement of cations in the polymer matrix. IPMC demonstrates strong performance in a variety of sensing and actuating applications [136]. IPMC actuators have various advantages, such as low driving voltage, relatively fast response, large displacement, the ability to be activated in water or wet conditions, and easy miniaturisation [137].…”

Section: Ionic Polymer-metal Composite (Ipmc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Actuation Mechanisms and Applications for Soft Robots: A Comprehensive Review

Liu

2023

Applied Sciences

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Soft robots, which exhibit distinguishing features in terms of compliance, adaptability, and safety, have been expansively adopted in various niche applications. For soft robots, innovative actuators have been designed based on smart materials enabling the robots to perform flexible and versatile functions, whereas extra spaces and accessories to accommodate motors and power devices have been eliminated to achieve structural optimisation. Herein, different types of actuation mechanisms for soft robots are summarised to reflect the state-of-the-art research and applications. Major characteristics of the actuation mechanisms are updated. Design methodologies of the actuation mechanisms are discussed in detail. Furthermore, their advantages, disadvantages, and application potential are compared and summarised. In the end, based on our knowledge and understanding, new thoughts and recommendations to further develop the actuation mechanisms are put forward. This review is useful to support the conclusion that, through incorporating actuation mechanisms and advanced intelligent technologies, soft robots tend to create disruptive innovations in applications.

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“…), and are also called artificial muscles. According to the different actuating methods, soft actuators can be divided into pressure actuation, [35][36][37] smart material actuation, [38][39][40][41][42] and biomaterial actuation. [43] Although many types of soft artificial muscles have been successfully developed, they still have inherent drawbacks in face of the complexity of the underwater environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Underwater Swimming Robots Based on Artificial Muscle

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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Hence, the exploration and exploitation of marine resources are crucial to human development. However, due to the deep sea's low temperature, high pressure, and complex fluid environment, it is difficult for human beings to easily investigate and work there. As a result, only 5% of Earth's oceans have been explored. Fortunately, thanks to recent rapid developments in science and technology, underwater robotics has seen explosive growth, giving humans a powerful tool to explore the world's oceans, which are expected to play a key role in the underwater rescue, submarine inspection, and hydrological monitoring. [2,3] Recently, with the fast development of bionic technology, [4][5][6][7][8][9] advanced underwater experimental platforms, [10][11][12][13][14] and computational science, [15][16][17][18][19][20] researchers have a deeper understanding of the swimming mechanism of aquatic organisms, which has promoted the explosive growth of underwater robots. [21][22][23][24][25] For example, Zhang et al. [26] developed a gliding robotic fish for long-duration monitoring of underwater environments by combining underwater gliders and robotic fish. Yu et al. [27] developed a biomimetic robot dolphin that, by controlling the pitch angle and swimming speed, could successfully jump out of the water. Lauder and coworkers [28] designed a fast-swimming robot tuna that, through the high-frequency oscillation of the caudal fin, could achieve a maximum tail beat frequency of 15 Hz, which corresponds to a swimming speed of 4.0 body lengths per second (BL S −1 ). However, most underwater robots are driven by motors that are bulky in structure and lack essential safety. In the execution of underwater missions, it is not only easy to cause harm to marine organisms, but it is also difficult to complete required tasks due to poor overall flexibility. Moreover, a rigid robot body driven by a motor suffers from high noise output and a low battery energy conversion rate, meaning that the robot is unable to realize long-term and long-distance tasks. A high noise output can also expose the position of the underwater robot. Overall, the shortcomings of rigid robotic fish significantly restrict application at sea. It is an urgent need to develop high-performance underwater swimming robots with new propulsion methods and bionic structures. Benefiting from the rapid development of materials science and intelligent manufacturing, soft underwater swimming robots have become a hot topic of research. Compared with With the increasing requirements of underwater missions and the rapid development of soft robotics technologies, soft underwater swimming robots have become a hot topic of research due to their low noise, high flexibility, and high environmental adaptability. In the past 10 years, research into soft underwater robots based on artificial muscle actuation has made considerable progress. Herein, a comprehensive survey on recent advances in soft underwater swimming robots based on different actuation methods is reviewed systematically, includi...

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Ionic polymer–metal composite applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 87 publications

Utilization of Polypropylene in the Production of Metal-Filled Polymer Composites: Development and Characteristics

Utilization of Polypropylene in the Production of Metal-Filled Polymer Composites: Development and Characteristics

Actuation Mechanisms and Applications for Soft Robots: A Comprehensive Review

Soft Underwater Swimming Robots Based on Artificial Muscle

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