Ionic polymer–metal composite actuator based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) with different degrees of sulfonation

Tang, Yongjun; Xue, Zhigang; Xie, Xiaolin; Zhou, Xingping

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2015.12.015

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Tang et al prepared a SPEEK IPMC actuator with an IEC of 1.5 mol kg −1 and Pt electrode thickness of 7–8 µm. In spite of their higher IEC and thicker Pt layer compared with the S(25)PAEK and S(25)C(50)PAEK actuators, the SPEEK actuator exhibited very low actuation performance under a 1.5 V applied voltage at 10 Hz with a bending strain of almost zero . This leads to the conclusion that despite our rather thin electrode layer, the current was still uniformly distributed through the IPMC, albeit at a lower bending performance compared to literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Ion‐Selective Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) Actuator Based on Crown Ether Containing Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Ketone)

Taş

Zoetebier

Sukas

et al. 2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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This study introduces the concept of ion selective actuation in polymer metal composite actuators, employing crown ether bearing aromatic polyether materials. For this purpose, sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) (SPAEK) and crown ether containing SPAEK with molar masses suitable for membrane preparation are synthesized. The synthesized polymers are characterized using Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuators are fabricated by electroless chemical deposition of a platinum (Pt) layer on both sides of SPAEK and crown‐ether containing SPAEK membranes, resulting in electrode layers of around 120 nm thickness. Actuation experiments demonstrate cation specific responses and bending degrees of the IPMC actuators. Incorporation of crown ether units in the polymer backbone results in an improved and ion‐selective bending displacement compared with SPAEK actuators. S(25)C(50)PAEK actuators show an increased bending displacement of 28% for Na+ and 20% for K+ ions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Ion‐Selective Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) Actuator Based on Crown Ether Containing Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Ketone)

Taş

Zoetebier

Sukas

et al. 2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…SPEEK was prepared by the treatment of PEEK with 98% H 2 SO 4 (Scheme S1, Supporting Information) avoiding degradation and cross‐linking reactions, which might take place in the sulfonation with 100% H 2 SO 4 or with chlorosulfonic acid sulfonation agents . The PEEK and SPEEK were characterized by the fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra (Figure S1, Supporting Information) in which the specific change of chemical structure and in turn the formation of sulfonic acid groups on the sulfonation reaction was checked . As shown in Figure S1 (Supporting Information), there were two characteristic absorptions at around 1024 and 1080 cm −1 , representing the stretching vibrations of the sulfonic acid groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…1 H NMR spectra of SPEEK is shown in Figure S2 (Supporting Information). The signal at 7.5 ppm corresponded to the aromatic proton (H e ) ortho to SO 3 H at the position e as shown in Scheme S1 (Supporting Information) . According to previous report, the integral area ratio of H e signal to that of other aromatic protons was linked to the degree of sulfonation (DS), and therefore the DS for the SPEEK in this study was about 52% …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Proton Conducting Membranes from the Combination of Sulfonated Polymers of Polyetheretherketones and Polyphosphazenes Doped with Sulfonated Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Luo

Xu²,

et al. 2017

Macro Materials & Eng

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Intent on developing efficient proton exchange membranes used for direct methanol fuel cells as well as hydrogen fuel cells, a series of membranes based on sulfonated polyetheretherketone and sulfonated polyphosphazene‐graft copolymers is prepared by cross‐linking reaction because the former material has good enough mechanical property, while the latter is excellent in the proton transfer. The cross‐linked membranes combine the advantages of the two kinds of polymers. Among them, the membrane poly[(4‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)(4‐methylphenoxy)phosphazene]‐g‐poly {(styrene)11‐r‐[4‐(4‐sulfobutyloxy)styrene]33‐sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)75 (CF3‐PS11‐PSBOS33‐SPEEK75) shows a proton conductivity at 0.143 S cm−1 under fully hydrated conditions at 80 °C and performs tensile strength about five times as much as did the sulfonated polyphosphazene membrane CF3‐PS11‐PSBOS33. Further doping of sulfonated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (S‐SWCNTs) into the cross‐linked membranes on the screening of additives gives composite membrane CF3‐PS11‐PSBOS33‐SPEEK75‐SWCNT possessing proton conductivity of 0.196 S cm−1, even higher than that of Nafion 117 and a tensile strength comparable to that of Nafion 117. However, this significance of the composite membrane in the proton conduction is not observed in the test with a H2/air fuel cell when it shows a maximal power density of 280 mW cm−2 at 80 °C, whereas 294 mW cm−2 is observed for CF3‐PS11‐PSBOS33‐SPEEK75.

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“…This action results in swelling near the negative electrode, shrinkage near the positive electrode and bending of the actuator as can be seen in Figure 2. [29], Royal Society of Chemistry and Cambridge University Press [30]". These actuators were reported with maximum actuation strains of 3.3% [26,31], and the stress of 30 MPa [25,32].…”

Section: Ion Based Actuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. (a) The actuation of IPMC (b) the applied force cause the cation migration "Reproduced with permission from [29], Royal Society of Chemistry and Cambridge University Press [30]".…”

Section: Pneumatic Actuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actuator Materials: Review on Recent Advances and Future Outlook for Smart Textiles

Kongahage

Foroughi

2019

Fibers

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Smart textiles based on actuator materials are of practical interest, but few types have been commercially exploited. The challenge for researchers has been to bring the concept out of the laboratory by working out how to build these smart materials on an industrial scale and permanently incorporate them into textiles. Smart textiles are considered as the next frontline for electronics. Recent developments in advance technologies have led to the appearance of wearable electronics by fabricating, miniaturizing and embedding flexible conductive materials into textiles. The combination of textiles and smart materials have contributed to the development of new capabilities in fabrics with the potential to change how athletes, patients, soldiers, first responders, and everyday consumers interact with their clothes and other textile products. Actuating textiles in particular, have the potential to provide a breakthrough to the area of smart textiles in many ways. The incorporation of actuating materials in to textiles is a striking approach as a small change in material anisotropy properties can be converted into significant performance enhancements, due to the densely interconnected structures. Herein, the most recent advances in smart materials based on actuating textiles are reviewed. The use of novel emerging twisted synthetic yarns, conducting polymers, hybrid carbon nanotube and spandex yarn actuators, as well as most of the cutting–edge polymeric actuators which are deployed as smart textiles are discussed.

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Ionic polymer–metal composite actuator based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) with different degrees of sulfonation

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Ion‐Selective Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) Actuator Based on Crown Ether Containing Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Ketone)

Ion‐Selective Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) Actuator Based on Crown Ether Containing Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Ketone)

Novel Proton Conducting Membranes from the Combination of Sulfonated Polymers of Polyetheretherketones and Polyphosphazenes Doped with Sulfonated Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Actuator Materials: Review on Recent Advances and Future Outlook for Smart Textiles

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