Ionic liquids on desulfurization of fuel oils

Investigating the Long-Term Stability and Kinetics of Superoxide Ion in Dimethyl Sulfoxide Containing Ionic Liquids and the Application of Thiophene Destruction

“…Nevertheless, it is important to conduct studies on the extraction of sulfur compounds from diesel fuel feed using the ILs in this work, since most published studies have used pyrrolidinium-based ILs Holbrey et al, 2008), imidazolium-based ILs (Bosmann et al, 2001;Zhang and Zhang, 2002;Lo et al, 2003;Huang et al, 2004;Wasserscheid and Jess, 2004;Planeta et al, 2006;Cassol et al, 2007;Li et al, 2009b), pyridinium-based ILs (Jianlong et al, 2007;Chu et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2008;Holbrey et al, 2008;Francisco et al, 2010), and quinolium-based ILs (Kumar and Banerjee, 2009). Cheng and Yen (2008) stated that ILs can be used as phase-transfer catalysts for deep oxygenative desulfurization.…”

Correlation of VLE Data for the Thiophene + [bmim][BF4], +[bmim][PF6] Binaries Utilized for the Regeneration of Ionic Liquids

“…Applications such as replacing high-temperature and high-pressure heterogeneous catalytic liquid-fuel desulfurization processes by extraction with IL solvents have been extensively studied [1,2]. One particular application of interest is thiophene removal from liquid fuels; hence ternary liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) data for thiophene + hydrocarbon + IL systems have been extensively reported [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Efficient Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Oil at Room Temperature with Ionic Liquid as Extraction Solvent

“…Being designer solvents, their physical and chemical properties can be altered to suit an application of interest through modifications on their cation and anion component (Bosmann et al, 2001;Cheng et al, 2008). Lewis and Brønsted -acidic ionic liquids employing mixtures of nbutyl-3-methylimiazolium chloride and nethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride with AlCl3 have been proven effective for the extraction of sulfur containing compounds (Likhanova et al, 2010;Francisco et al, 2010) but these mixtures are unstable in air and sensitive to water making these of limited practical utility (Francisco et al, 2010).…”

“…These model oils should have components similar in structure or composition to fossil fuels. Their preparation includes dissolving small amounts of thiophene or its derivatives (aromatic sulfur compounds in fossil fuel) in suitable and readily available hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, heptane, octane or tetradecane (Francisco et al, 2010;Lo et al, 2003). Hydrogen peroxide (oxidant) and acetic acid are then added to the fuel-IL mixture after which the mixture is stirred for a few minutes and equilibrated for 6 hours to 24 hours at temperatures of 25 o C to 60 o C (Lo et al, 2003).…”

“…Hexane solutions of thiophene were used as model oil (Francisco et al, 2010). added to 5 mL of ionic liquid, and mixed with a vortex mixer for 1 minute.…”