Ionic liquids as superior solvents for headspace gas chromatography of residual solvents with very low vapor pressure, relevant for pharmaceutical final dosage forms

Laus, Gerhard; André, M.; Bentivoglio, Gino; Schottenberger, Herwig

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.036

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, with the properties of nonvolatility and innocuity to chromatographic column, IL can be compatible with liquid-phase chromatography and directly injected for analysis [31,32]. Headspace SDME is the more attractive sample preparation technique than immerse SDME due to the fact that even hydrophobic ILs have some solubility in water, resulting in a continual decrease in the drop volume with longer extraction times [31][32][33]. This justifies the high number of applications of ILs in headspace compared with those in direct immersion mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several excellent reviews have compiled the application of ILs in analytical chemistry [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Moreover, with the properties of nonvolatility and innocuity to chromatographic column, IL can be compatible with liquid-phase chromatography and directly injected for analysis [31,32]. Headspace SDME is the more attractive sample preparation technique than immerse SDME due to the fact that even hydrophobic ILs have some solubility in water, resulting in a continual decrease in the drop volume with longer extraction times [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic liquid for single‐drop microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection to determine carbonyl compounds in environmental waters

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

J of Separation Science

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A sensitive method based on ionic liquid for single-drop liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC-UV was developed for the determination of carbonyl compounds in environmental waters using 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C(8)min][PF(6)] as extraction solvent and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine as derivatizing agent. The extraction parameters affecting the enrichment factors such as solvent volume, pH, extraction time and salt concentration were investigated. A homemade funnel form polytetrafluoroethylene sleeve was fixed at the tip of the syringe needle and this allowed the use of 10 microL drop of ionic liquid for direct immersion extraction. Under the optimal conditions, the remarkable enrichment factors up to 150-fold were obtained depending on the target analytes. The method has been validated when rectilinear relationship was obtained between the concentrations of analytes and peak area in the range of 5-100 ng/mL, the correlation coefficients were from 0.995 to 0.998, and the limit of detection was in the range of 0.04-2.03 ng/mL. The method was applied to monitor the concentration of carbonyl compounds in environmental waters with spiked recovery in the range of 84.2-106.9%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquid for single‐drop microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection to determine carbonyl compounds in environmental waters

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

J of Separation Science

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show abstract

“…They also exhibit a good extractability for various organic compounds [25,26] and pesticides [27,28]. Various applications of ILs have been published across a number of fields in the recent years, including those for separation and analytical techniques [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel SPME Fiber Chemically Linked with 1-Vinyl-3-hexadecylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate Ionic Liquid Coupled with GC for the Simultaneous Determination of Pyrethroids in Vegetables

et al. 2012

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A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber chemically linked with ionic liquid (IL), coupled to gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) technique for the simultaneous sampling and determination of pyrethroids has been developed. A novel ionic liquid, 1-vinyl-3-hexadecylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (ViHDIm ? PF 6 -), was synthesized and used as SPME fiber material. The IL-linked fiber was applied to the determination of seven pyrethroids in vegetables by direct immersion extraction, followed by gas chromatographic separation and electron capture detection. Important extraction parameters, including extraction temperature, extraction time, stirring rate, desorption temperature and time were carefully optimized. Several experiments were carried out to evaluate the analytical characteristics of the SPME-GC-ECD method under optimum conditions. The limits of detection (LODs) for the seven pyrethroids were between 0.07 and 0.29 lg L -1 . The linearity was from 0.1 to 100 lg L -1 for fenpropathrin, from 0.25 to 100 lg L -1 for cypermethrin, permethrin and deltamethrin, and from 0.5 to 100 lg L -1 for flucythrinate, fenvalerate and fluvalinate. Single fiber and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility, expressed as relative standard deviation, were less than 8.10 and 13.27 %, respectively. Compared with the commercial polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) fiber, the extraction efficiency of the prepared IL-linked fiber for seven pyrethroids was about 20 % higher than that of PDMS fiber. The established SPME-GC-ECD was successfully applied in the detection of pyrethroids in cabbage and cucumber, with LODs of the seven pyrethroids between 0.21 and 0.49 lg kg -1 and recoveries of between 67.40 and 90.38 % in vegetables.

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“…Moreover, some high-sensitivity detectors (e.g., ECD) can be used because of the negligible amount of matrix media entering the detectors. Solvents with high boiling points [6] were studied with an ionic liquid as matrix medium at a much higher headspace equilibrium temperature (200°C) by HS-GC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Prediction of Ionic Liquid-Gas Partition Coefficients for Residual Solvents by HS-GC

Jiang

Lei

et al. 2011

Chromatographia

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The aim of this study was to establish a method to determine the partition coefficients of residual solvents (eight aliphatic alcohols) between three ionic liquid and gas phases by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). In this article, a modeling study was carried out using statistical analysis, and a general model was established to predict the ionic liquid-gas partition coefficients (K) for these solvents. Factors that affect the logK, including parameters of physical properties of these solvents, such as T b (the temperature of boiling points) and logP O/W (the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient for a solvent), were used in the model. Through this model the logK of the analyzed solvent can be calculated, and the sensitivity of the method is associated with logK. Therefore, this study provides helpful guidance for the application of ionic liquids as matrix media to the analysis of solvents by HS-GC.

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Ionic liquids as superior solvents for headspace gas chromatography of residual solvents with very low vapor pressure, relevant for pharmaceutical final dosage forms

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Ionic liquid for single‐drop microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection to determine carbonyl compounds in environmental waters

Ionic liquid for single‐drop microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection to determine carbonyl compounds in environmental waters

A Novel SPME Fiber Chemically Linked with 1-Vinyl-3-hexadecylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate Ionic Liquid Coupled with GC for the Simultaneous Determination of Pyrethroids in Vegetables

Quantitative Prediction of Ionic Liquid-Gas Partition Coefficients for Residual Solvents by HS-GC

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