Ionic liquids as a potential solvent for lipase-catalysed reactions: A review

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs)-as environmentally friendly "green" solvents-have been progressively used in various reactions as reagents, solvents and co-solvents including lipase-catalysed reactions. In fact, lipase-catalysed reactions in ILs are considered as a "green"-reaction and are more advantageous than chemical methods owing to the easy recovery of the product and the mild conditions of the reactions. The use of lipase in ILs provides many technological advantages compared to conventionally used solvents, such as selectivity enhancement, enzyme stability improvement, higher conversion rate, and better recyclability and recovery system. Nevertheless, in some cases, especially in hydrophilic ILs, lipase exhibits activity reduction when compared with organic solvents. Currently, various attempts have been made to enhance the performance of lipases in ILs. The main objective of this review is to demonstrate recent developments in the technology of using ILs as reaction media for lipase. It is expected that this review might be an inspiration in ILs assisted lipase-catalysed reactions to produce value-added materials including biofuels as well as biodiesel.

Third-generation ionic liquids with N-alkylated 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane cations and pelargonate anions

“…All the ILs were completely soluble in methanol. Some of the ILs were soluble in water (1-4), isopropanol (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and acetone (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The synthesized ILs were insoluble in DMSO, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, chloroform, toluene and hexane.…”

“…Continuous development in the eld in terms of their synthesis methods and applications has been observed for almost two decades. 1,2 The classication of ILs into three generations has proved to be effective and important in terms of their application. 3 Third-generation ILs are characterized by their biological activity, such as bactericidal, 4,5 bacteriostatic, 6 fungicidal, 7 herbicidal 8,9 or deterrent.…”

Synthesis, NMR, Raman, thermal and nonlinear optical properties of dicationic ionic liquids from experimental and theoretical studies

“…Imidazolium-based ILs are very popular due to their chemical and thermal stability, wellestablished structural characterization, low viscosity, and their widespread potential applications [4,5]. For example, varying the substituents of the imidazolium ring drastically changes the physical properties of these ILs [6].…”

The conversion of α-pinene to cis-pinane using a nickel catalyst supported on a discarded fluid catalytic cracking catalyst with an ionic liquid layer

“…These features enable ionic liquid to regulate the activity and selectivity of catalysts. Owing to its unique properties, the ionic liquid is used in chemical research as a solvent for various types of reactions, [12][13][14][15][16] extractant in separation/purication, [17][18][19][20] and has applications in the eld of electrochemistry. [21][22][23] Zhao et al have reported the synthesis of CoS x nanosheets from ionic liquid and applied it for the oxygen evolution reaction.…”