Ionic Liquid Stabilized Gelatin–Lignin Films: A Potential UV‐Shielding Material with Excellent Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties

Mehta, Mohit J.; Kumar, Arvind

doi:10.1002/chem.201803763

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Choline citrate, a bio-based ionic liquid, (IL) stabilized homogeneous gelatin-lignin UV shielding films, with excellent antimicrobial and mechanical properties reported [40]. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared films was tested against Bacillus subtilis.…”

Section: Lignin As Uv Blocker For Packaging and Transparent Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin as a UV Light Blocker—A Review

Sadeghifar¹,

2020

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Lignin is the by-product of pulp and paper industries and bio-refining operations. It is available as the leading natural phenolic biopolymer in the market. It has chromophore functional groups and can absorb a broad spectrum of UV light in range of 250–400 nm. Using lignin as a natural ingredient in sunscreen cream, transparent film, paints, varnishes and microorganism protection has been actively investigated. Both in non-modified and modified forms, lignin provides enhancing UV protection of commercial products with less than a 10% blend with other material. In mixtures with other synthetic UV blockers, lignin indicated synergic effects and increased final UV blocking potential in compare with using only synthetic UV blocker or lignin. However, using lignin as a UV blocker is also challenging due to its complex structure, polydispersity in molecular weight, brownish color and some impurities that require more research in order to make it an ideal bio-based UV blocker.

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Section: Lignin As Uv Blocker For Packaging and Transparent Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin as a UV Light Blocker—A Review

Sadeghifar¹,

2020

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“…[ 123 ] Mehta et al developed a potential UV‐shielding material by using choline citrate stabilized homogeneous gelatin–lignin UV‐shielding films. [ 124 ] The research shows that the sun‐protection factor (SPF) of prepared bio‐film is up to about 45.0, the tensile strength reaches up to 70 MPa. These characteristics of lignin‐based material are as good as the organic polymeric films.…”

Section: The Superiority Of Ils/dess Coupling With Other Methods For mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These characteristics of lignin‐based material are as good as the organic polymeric films. [ 124 ] Loow et al combined choline chloride:urea in a ratio of 1:2 with CuCl 2 to recover xylose from oil palm fronds. [ 125 ] A total of 14.76 g L −1 of xylose in hydrolysate can be obtained after the reaction at 120 °C for 4.5 h, which exceeds 25% xylose than the CuCl 2 ‐only pretreatment.…”

Section: The Superiority Of Ils/dess Coupling With Other Methods For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Solvent Systems for Biomass Fractionation Based on Hydrogen‐Bond Interaction: A Minireview

Wang

Sheng

Song

et al. 2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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cellulose (30-50 wt%), hemicellulose (20-35 wt%), and lignin (15-30 wt%). [3] CO -C bonds are the main connection bond in the components, but between different components hydrogen bond is the main connection. [2b,4] Cellulose is the most abundant component composed by d-glucose units linked to each other via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, a certain amount of cellulose shows ordered crystal structure. [5] Hemicellulose is composed with various polymerized monosaccharides, mainly are C5 (xylose, arabinose) and C6 sugars (mannose, glucose, and galactose), and others, which acts as a linkage distributing between cellulose and lignin. [6] Lignin is one kind of highly complicated cross-linked 3D amorphous resin, which is composed of three monolignols (p-coumaryl, alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol) connected by different CO -O bonds. [1a] Lignin mainly lies on the surface of cellulose and hemicellulose that ensures the structural integrity and rigidity of biomass. [3,7] Currently biomass catalytic conversion has achieved great success in breaking CO -C bond, so converting single component to platform chemicals or materials is quite close to industrialization. The key of efficient application of whole biomass becomes the separation of different components with high efficiency. Owing to the complex structure of biomass, biomass fractionation is the key process for the full and efficient utilization of this renewable resource. [8] In the previous reports, various solvent systems, such as strong dilute acid treatment, [9] alkaline treatment, [10] the sulphite pulping process, [11] and organosolv isolation, [12] were used to separate cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and their derivatives. However, most of those traditional methods always cause serious environmental consequences and result in more cost in waste disposal owing to the application of large amounts of acids and bases. [13] By contrast, ionic liquids (ILs) [8a,b,14] and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) [4,15] are widely regarded as a green alternative solvent for their near-zero vapor pressure, high thermal stability, devisable structure, and excellent solvent power for biomass. [4b,8b,16] Not like acid or base pretreatment methods that need destruction and then fractionation of biomass components, ILs and DESs methods can achieve highly selective fractionation of biomass by controlling the functional structure of ILs or composition of DESs. [4b,8a,14b,16] According to the existing reports, many ILs and

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“…98% blocking efficiency for UV-B light was achieved by the addition of 1.5 wt% lignin, resulting in a sun protection factor of about 45. 214 Interestingly, gelatin-lignin blends have also been used for their binding capacity at high temperatures. Such blends were used for binding anthracite fines into robust bricks used for substituting foundry coke.…”

Section: Protein Biobased Blends (Lignin/plant and Animal Proteins)composites And Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%