Ionic liquid-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticle combined with central composite design for rapid preconcentration and determination of palladium ions

Abstract

In this work, magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by ultrasonic chemical co-precipitation method. Then hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), as a green coating agent, was deposited on the surface of synthesized NPs in order to improve their extraction capability toward Pd(II) ions as diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) complex. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) techniques were used for characterization of the adsorbent. The adsorption rate was fast and the equilibrium time was achieved within 4 min due to the strong interaction of Pd-DDTC complex with the IL and the absence of internal diffusion resistance. The separation of the adsorbent from aqueous bulk was achieved after about 2 min by a magnet, so no centrifugation or filtration was required. The effective parameters such as pH, concentration of ligand, amount of adsorbent, and the extraction time were inspected by using a central composite design in order to identify the most important parameters and their interactions. Under optimum conditions, the detection limit was 0.82 ng mL −1 and the relative standard deviation (n = 10) was 2.8% for 100 ng mL −1 of Pd(II). The proposed method was applied for the preconcentration of Pd(II) from road dust, liver, and water samples, and it was found that the amounts of palladium ions in dust and liver samples were 104 and 8.7 ng mL −1 , respectively.

Effects of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticle Functionalization with Ionic Liquids and a Double-Chained Surfactant on the Pretreatment of Plasma Samples during Drug Extraction

“…Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that the literature contains few reports of the use of ILs with longer alkyl chains to perform extractions. Indeed, investigations of commercially available ILs have been mostly limited to those with shorter alkyl chains, such as [C 4 MIM]­[PF 6 ], [C 6 MIM]­[PF 6 ], [C 8 MIM]­[PF 6 ], [C 4 MPyr]­[N­(SO 2 CF 3 )­2], or [C 4 MIM]­[Cl]. ,− In turn, the use of double-chain surfactant, i.e., [C 12 C 12 MMAmm]­[Br], in the functionalization of magnetic sorbents was not reported in previous studies …”

“…To date, NPs modified with ILs have been mainly used in the preparation of environmental samples in studies aiming to isolate industrial dyes, drugs, or metals − (Table S2). Indeed, the literature contains only two studies wherein magnetic sorbents are used in the preparation of plasma or serum samples, , while in a third study, Amiri et al used this approach to analyze dried blood samples.…”

High performance adsorption of diesel fuel by enhanced hydrophobicity biochar-based adsorbents: Equilibrium, kinetic study and experimental design

“…The peaks due to -COOH stretching vibrations (1670 and 2900-3500 cm − 1 ) are observed in the spectrum of oxidized BC (Fig. 1c), which is related to the acid treatment process [27]. The peak located at 3487 cm − 1 can be attributed to the N-H groups in the O-BC sample (Fig.…”

A novel nanomagnetic task specific ionic liquid as a selective sorbent for the trace determination of cadmium in water and fruit samples

“…Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple ultrasonic chemical co-precipitation method according to the previously reported procedure with a little modification [39]. Briefly, …”