“…Several studies (Bloom, 1985; Briggs and Renzulli, 2009; Gottfried and Gottfried, 1996) also summarized catalysts for transformation in terms of their personal and environmental characteristics. Reported are important catalysts for talent development: personal characteristics such as passion, grit, interest, achievement, and creativity (Cho & Lin, 2011; Gagné, 2005; Subotnik et al, 2011); instruction and curriculum based opportunities and competitions (Borland and Wright, 1994; Campbell and Walberg, 2010; Yang et al, 2021); and important people in their lives, such as parents (Cho & Lin, 2011; Nokelainen et al, 2007); and motivated and gifted peers, and certain teacher characteristics (Cho & Campbell, 2011). Especially, at the middle stage of talent development, gifted students’ learning gains result from complex, advanced, and meaningful content provided by a knowledgeable teacher through high-quality curricula and instruction at an appropriate pace with scaffolding techniques and feedback (Park, 2005; Subotnik et al, 2011; Tomlinson & Jarvis, 2014).…”