Ionic coupling of hyaluronic acid with ethyl N-lauroyl l-arginate (LAE): Structure, properties and biocide activity of complexes

Exploring the applications of hyaluronic acid‐based nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections

“…Both formulations exhibited a greater amount of particle accumulation in the alveolar area, which was considered the site of action. Collectively, the results of this study proposed a novel HA-NC that actively delivers anti-TB medication to the site of action while also improving F I G U R E 8 Scheme illustrating the ionic complexation of LAE-HA and its antibacterial activity (Gamarra et al, 2018) the pulmonary drug deposition; however, antibacterial studies are still required to confirm the antibacterial effects of this nanosystem (Mukhtar et al, 2020).…”

“…To date, two such nanosystems have been reported in the literature for potential applications in the prevention as well as therapy of bacterial infections. Electrostatic assembly of HA with an arginine‐based compound, called ethyl‐α‐N‐lauroyl‐ l ‐arginate hydrochloride (LAE), to build antimicrobial nanofilms with potential application in food preservation and designing of antiseptic medical devices has been reported by Gamarra et al (2018) (Figure 8). Thin films prepared from HA‐LAE by casting exhibited a smectic‐like structure based on an ordered arrangement of LAE and HA layers with a nanometric periodicity of 3.8–3.9 nm.…”

“…Scheme illustrating the ionic complexation of LAE‐HA and its antibacterial activity (Gamarra et al, 2018)…”

“…The above‐mentioned data demonstrates that the complexation of cationic molecules with HA for targeting bacteria can lead to controlled drug release and consequent inhibition of bacterial growth in infected areas (Gamarra et al, 2018; Mukhtar et al, 2020).…”

“…Owing to their biocompatibility, ease of surface and chemical modifications, high drug loading capacity, and microenvironment responsiveness, polymer‐based NPs have gained significant attention in antibacterial applications (Arora et al, 2016; Rao et al, 2020). An interesting natural polymer that has generated increasing interest as a component of antibacterial nanodrug delivery systems over the last two decades is hyaluronic acid (HA; Arshad, Tabish, Naseem, et al, 2021; Gamarra et al, 2018; P. D. Kłodzińska, Rahanjam, et al, 2019; Özkahraman et al, 2021). Hyaluronic acid is a linear, naturally occurring mucopolysaccharide composed of alternating N‐acetyl glucosamine and d ‐glucuronic acid units, which is synthesized in the plasma membrane by hyaluronan synthases (Hynes & Walton, 2000).…”