“…By taking into account the lifetimes of F þ (2P) and F 0 ( 3 P), an explanation may be given as follows. In the case of F þ (2P), the lifetime in the order of 10 À9 s [10,11] is too short to be involved in the defect reactions especially at lower temperatures. On the other hand, the lifetime of the F 0 ( 3 P) in the triplet state is considerably longer (25 ms [11]), and the defect reactions are likely to affect and reduce the luminescence yield even at lower temperatures, as observed in the present study.…”