Cellulose esters are cellulose derivatives which result from the esterification of the free hydroxyl groups of cellulose with one or more acids. Cellulose nitrate is the oldest cellulose derivative and the only inorganic ester of commercial importance. Manufacturing and uses of sulfur‐ and phosphorus containing cellulose esters are discussed. An analysis of the oldest and most important inorganic ester of cellulose, cellulose nitrate, is presented.