Ion Exchange Chromatography for Hydrolysis Products of Organophosphate Insecticides

Plapp, Frederick W.; Casida, J. E.

doi:10.1021/ac60142a013

Cited by 106 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…13 ) The usefulness of the coenzyme Q system in bacterial taxonomy was pointed out in the review of Collins and Jones. IS ) Strain TK-l had an eight isoprene ubiquinone (Qs), and this result agrees with those of Cook and Umbreit,16) and Kuraishi et aU 7 ) Taxonomical characteristics of strain Taxonomical characteristics of strain AK-2 were as follows: Cells were rods (0.8 ~ 1.0 by 1.5 ~ 2.5 11m) and motile with a polar flagellum (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Taxonomical Characteristics Of Strain Tk-jsupporting

confidence: 87%

Degradation ofO,O-Dimethyl Phosphorodithioate byThiobacillus thioparusTK-1 andPseudomonasAK-2

Kanagawa

Dazai

Fukuoka

1982

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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O,O-Dimethyl phosphorodithioate (DMDTP) is an initial breakdown product of organophosphorus pesticides in fields. DMDTP is also released to natural environments by pesticide manufacturers. DMDTP-degrading microorganisms were not known. We isolated two bacteria from activated sludge. One of them, strain TK-l identified as Thiobacillus thioparus, utilized DMDTP as a sole energy source and produced dimethyl phosphate (DMP) and sulfate. The other, strain AK-2 identified as Pseudomonas sp., utilized DMP as a sole energy and carbon source and degraded DMP to inorganic orthophosphate (PJ DMDTP was degraded to Pi by the coaction of the two bacteria.O,O-Dimethyl phosphorodithioate (DM-DTP) is an initial breakdown product of such organophosphorus pesticides as malathion, dimethoate, cidial, formothion, and others in fields. Many investigators have dealt with the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides and have found all pesticides susceptible to hydrolysis. Organophosphorus pesticides are regarded as nonpersistent. However, ionic dialkyl phosphates and sulfur analogs thereof which are the initial products of pesticide breakdown have been reported to be unsusceptible to hydrolysis.!) Some of the breakdown products are toxi<;; to fish.2) Organophosphorus pesticides cannot be regarded as nonpersistent if the toxic breakdown products remain unaltered. The only reported instances of utilization of ionic dialkyl phosphates or sulfur analogs thereof by microorganisms have occurred when the compounds were the sole phosphorus sources. 3 ,4) These instances do not prove that the compounds will be degraded in natural environments, especially in the presence of available orthophosphate.These ionic compounds are also released to natural environments by pesticide manufacturers because these compounds are precursors in the production of pesticides and are abundant in wastewater.In a previous paper,S) we showed that DMDTP was degraded to orthophosphate by activated sludge. The present study was designed to isolate DMDTP-degrading bacteria from the activated sludge. We isolated two bacteria, Thiobacillus thioparus and Pseudomonas sp. By a symbiont of these two bacteria, DMDTP was utilized as a sole energy and carbon source and was degraded to inorganic orthophosphate. MATERIALS AND METHODSChemicals. The organophosphorus compounds used and abbreviations are listed in Table 1. DMDTP ammonium salt was obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, U.S.A. DMTP sodium salt was kindly supplied by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Osaka, Japan. The mixture of DMP and MP was obtained from ICN K&K Laboratories, N.Y., U.S.A. All other chemicals were obtained from commercial sources.DMDTP used in degradation tests was purified by preparative layer chromatography as follows. One milliliter of 50% DMDTP was streaked across the width of a chromatoplate of a 2-mm layer of silica gel 60 F 254 (Merck, Art. 5717). After development in a solvent system

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Section: Taxonomical Characteristics Of Strain Tk-jsupporting

confidence: 87%

Degradation ofO,O-Dimethyl Phosphorodithioate byThiobacillus thioparusTK-1 andPseudomonasAK-2

Kanagawa

Dazai

Fukuoka

1982

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

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“…8). Plapp and Casida (1958), Matsumura and Hogendijk (1964), 2b Miyamoto et al (1966), and Nakatsugawa et al (1969) have had similar results.…”

Section: Metabolism Of 10 M Parathion By Rhizobium -^supporting

confidence: 55%

“…Analyses for water-soluble metabolites utilized ion-exchange column chromatography as described by Plapp and Casida (1958) A standard curve was run with known concentrations of Na^HPO^ and it was identical to the one by Rockstein and Herron (1951).…”

Section: Rhizobiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolism of Parathion by Two Species of Rhizobium1

Mick¹,

Dahm²

1970

Journal of Economic Entomology

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“…The metabolites of the watersoluble extract were analyzed by ion exchange and paper chromatography according to the method of Plapp and Casida (1958a). However.…”

Section: Protein Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Para-oxon hydrolyzing enzymes in rat liver

Kojima¹,

O’Brien²

1968

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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H3-Paraoxon was shown to be degraded by at least four distinct enzymes in rat liver with different p H optima, reaction constants, and sensitivities to metallic ions, SH-reagents, and inhibitors. These enzymes were present in a soluble and a particulate state in the liver cell. The specific activity was highest in the crude microsomes and lower in the washed mitochondria and the crude soluble fraction at the respective optimum pH's. The crude soluble fraction contained two different enzymes which were partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The washed mitochondrial, crude microsomal, crude and partially purified soluble enzymes produced diethyl phosphate as the principal metabolite. A partially purified soluble fraction produced 0-desethyl paraoxon. The enzymes in microsomes and mitochondria were solubilized by treatment with sodium desoxycholate. The above subcellular fractions also degraded H .-parathion. but not necessarily by the enzymes responsible for paraoxon degradation.oxic organophosphates and fluorophosphates are enzymatically hydrolyzed by various organisms.

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Ion Exchange Chromatography for Hydrolysis Products of Organophosphate Insecticides

Abstract: ing line, the upper part of II hich gives a distinct green color by spraying with aqueous 10% sodium hydroxide. The lower limit for obtaining this green spot was 5 y .

Cited by 106 publications

References 13 publications

Degradation ofO,O-Dimethyl Phosphorodithioate byThiobacillus thioparusTK-1 andPseudomonasAK-2

Degradation ofO,O-Dimethyl Phosphorodithioate byThiobacillus thioparusTK-1 andPseudomonasAK-2

Metabolism of Parathion by Two Species of Rhizobium1

Para-oxon hydrolyzing enzymes in rat liver

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