Ion Content of the Snowpack on Franz Josef Land, Russia

Seasonal evolution of penitente glaciochemistry at Tapado Glacier, Northern Chile

“…Dust‐derived species Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ are also highly correlated ( r = 0.93, p < 0.0001), which has also been reported in many other studies of alpine snowpacks (e.g. Hidy, ; Nickus, ; Filippa et al ., ; Lafrenière and Sinclair, ). There is no significant correlation between NO 3 − and other major ions (Table ).…”

New revelations on the nature of organic matter in ice cores

“…There was also evidence of soil-derived dust, however this accounted for only a random variability of the snow chemistry (of ions) at Franz Josef Land. Nickus [2003] also discusses that varying exposure to potentially pollutantladen air masses was illustrated by the higher concentrations of non-sea-salt sulfate found in snow at Franz Josef Land (5 -10 meq L À1 ) as compared to, for example, Greenland snow (<2 meq L À1 ) or interior Alaskan snow (up to 6 meq L À1 ). Total sulfate concentrations measured in our samples ranged from 3.5 to 23 meq L À1 , with much less sulfate measured in the 1300 A.D. sample as compared to the 1950 A.D. sample (average of 3.5 meq L À1 and 15.2 meq L À1 , respectively).…”

“…Several studies have shown that the Svalbard atmosphere is significantly affected by species derived from midlatitudes, including sulfates [ Rahn , 1981], pesticides [ Oehme and Ottar , 1984] and organic gases [ Hov et al , 1984]. Nickus [2003] reported that much of the snowpack ion content of Franz Josef Land could be explained by sea salt aerosol. There was also evidence of soil‐derived dust, however this accounted for only a random variability of the snow chemistry (of ions) at Franz Josef Land.…”

The importance of considering depth-resolved photochemistry in snow: a radiative-transfer study of NO2 and OH production in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard) snowpacks

“…Nitrate concentrations in snow for other archipelagos in the Arctic Ocean are ∼0.9 nmol cm −3 for Franz Josef Land (Nickus, 2003) and 0.36–1.09 nmol cm −3 for Severnaya Zemlya (Opel and others, 2009). Nickus (2003) and Opel and others (2009) noted that nitrate concentrations correspond well to the values found in Greenland, parts of the Canadian Arctic and Alaska and that concentration–depth profiles in Severnaya Zemlya are similar to those from Svalbard. For the studies reported here, a nitrate in snow concentration of 1 nmol cm −3 is used based on the above measurements.…”