Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Sulfate and Nitrate in Ambient Aerosols

Mulik, James D.; Puckett, Ramona; Williams, Douglas F.; Sawîckî, Eugene

doi:10.1080/00032717608059128

Cited by 102 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Ionic species including sulfate, nitrate, and chloride were determined by ion chromatography (Dionex Corp. Model 2020i) [Mulik et al, 1976]. Ammo- nium was determined by indophenol colorimetric procedure using an Alpkem rapid flow analyzer (model RFA-300) [Bolleter et al, 1961].…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of organic aerosols emitted from the combustion of biomass indigenous to South Asia

et al. 2003

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[1] Throughout South Asia biomass is commonly used as a fuel source for cooking and heating homes. The smoke from domestic use of these fuels is expected to be a major source of atmospheric particulate matter in the region and needs to be characterized for input in regional source apportionment models and global climate models. Biomass fuel samples including coconut leaves, rice straw, jackfruit branches, dried cowdung patties, and biomass briquettes manufactured from compressed biomass material were obtained from Bangladesh. The fuel samples were burned in a wood stove to collect and characterize the particulate matter emissions. The bulk chemical composition including total organic and elemental carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chloride ions, and bulk elements such as potassium and sodium did not show conclusive differences among the biomass samples tested. Unique features, however, exist in the detailed organic characterization of the combustion smoke from the different sources. The organic compound fingerprints of the particulate matter are shown to be distinct from one another and distinct from North American wood fuels. Fecal stanols including 5b-stigmastanol, coprostanol, and cholestanol are found to be good molecular markers for the combustion of cowdung. Additionally, the patterns of methoxyphenols and plant sterols provide a unique signature for each biomass sample and are conducive as source apportionment tracers.

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Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of organic aerosols emitted from the combustion of biomass indigenous to South Asia

et al. 2003

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“…The samples were selected to represent all days with high concentrations at any site and to represent seasonal and annual averages (Chow et al, 1992a). Samples were analyzed for elements by x-ray fluorescence (Dzubay, 1977), for water-soluble nitrate and sulfate by ion chromatography (Mulik et al, 1976), for water-soluble ammonium by automated colorimetry (Bolleter et al, 1960, for water-soluble sodium and potassium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Rhodes et al, 1989), and for organic and elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance carbon analysis (Chow et al, 199213. The measured species, their analytical techniques, and lower quantifiable concentrations are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Sample Selection For Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

PM₁₀and PM_2.5Compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley

Chow

Watson

Lowenthal

et al. 1993

Aerosol Science and Technology

190

110

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PM,, (particles < 10 y m in aerodynamic diameter) and PM,,, (particles < 2.5 y m in aerodynamic diameter) mass, elements, water-soluble nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, sodium, potassium, and organic and elemental carbon were determined in 24-h aerosol samples collected during this period. Federal and state standards for PM,, were exceeded a t both urban and nonurhan sites. PM,, concentrations were generally highest during winter and were dominated by PM,, during this time. The coarse (PM1, minus PM,.,) aerosol fraction constituted more than half of PM,, mass during the summer and fall.PM,, concentrations of secondary ammonium nitrate were elevated during the winter a t all sites. Conversely, concentrations of coarse particle iron, indicative of geologically related dust, were higher under less humid conditions during the summer and fall. Regionwide meteorological and chemical transformation processes influence the secondary (nitrate and sulfate) components of PM,,. Elevated concentrations of coarse-particle dust, however, appear to originate from local emissions, such as agricultural and transportation-related activities, as well as region-wide emissions.

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“…Concentrations of major inorganic ions in aerosols have been measured for decades by sampling on filters and subsequently analyzing them with ion chromatography (e.g., Mulik et al, 1976;Stevens et al, 1978;Mulik and Sawicki, 1979). These kind of measurements are an integral part of monitoring networks such as the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (EMEP, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-continuous gas and inorganic aerosol measurements at a Finnish urban site: comparisons with filters, nitrogen in aerosol and gas phases, and aerosol acidity

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Concentrations of 5 gases (HCl, HNO 3 , HONO, NH 3 , SO 2 ) and 8 major inorganic ions in particles (Cl − , NO for Na + , 3.0 for Mg 2+ , and 3.0 for Ca 2+ and 0.90 for the MARGA vs. SO 2 monitor. For K + there were not enough data points to calculate a statistically significant linear regression. There were clear seasonal cycles in the concentrations of the nitrogen-containing gases: the median concentrations of HNO 3 , HONO, and NH 3 were 0.09 ppb, 0.37 ppb, and 0.01 ppb in winter, respectively, and 0.15, 0.15, and 0.14 in spring, respectively. The gas-phase fraction of nitrogen decreased roughly with decreasing temperature, so that in the coldest period from January to February the median contribution was 28 % but in April to May was 53 %. There were also large fractionation variations that temperature alone cannot explain. HONO correlated well with NO x but a large fraction of the HONO-to-NO x ratios were larger than published ratios in a road traffic tunnel, suggesting that a large amount of HONO had other sources than vehicle exhaust. Aerosol acidity was estimated by calculating ion equivalent ratios. The sources of acidic aerosols were studied with trajectory statistics that showed that continental aerosol is mainly neutralized and marine aerosol acidic.

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Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Sulfate and Nitrate in Ambient Aerosols

Cited by 102 publications

References 1 publication

Characterization of organic aerosols emitted from the combustion of biomass indigenous to South Asia

Characterization of organic aerosols emitted from the combustion of biomass indigenous to South Asia

PM₁₀and PM_2.5Compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley

Semi-continuous gas and inorganic aerosol measurements at a Finnish urban site: comparisons with filters, nitrogen in aerosol and gas phases, and aerosol acidity

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Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Sulfate and Nitrate in Ambient Aerosols

Cited by 102 publications

References 1 publication

Characterization of organic aerosols emitted from the combustion of biomass indigenous to South Asia

Characterization of organic aerosols emitted from the combustion of biomass indigenous to South Asia

PM10and PM2.5Compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley

Semi-continuous gas and inorganic aerosol measurements at a Finnish urban site: comparisons with filters, nitrogen in aerosol and gas phases, and aerosol acidity

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Product

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PM₁₀and PM_2.5Compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley