Ion beam surface treatment: a new technique for thermally modifying surfaces using intense, pulsed ion beams

Stinnett, R. W.; Buchheit, R. G.; Neau, E.L.; Crawford, M.T.; Lamppa, K.P.; Renk, T. J.; Greenly, J.B.; Boyd, Ian W.; Thompson, Michael O.; Rej, D. J.

doi:10.1109/ppc.1995.596454

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the mid-80's, a repetitively-pulsed MAP ionsource/accelerator was developed at Quantum Manufacturing, Inc. (QMI) with the total efficiency reported as, ϵ IIB ≃ 60%. [35] Assuming a power-source efficiency of, ϵ IIB ps ≃ 87.5%, the ion-source/accelerator efficiency may be estimated as, ϵ IIB inj ≃ 69%. Thus, there is a considerable level of power lost in the MAP ion-source/accelerator, most likely due to electron heating of structural components in the anode.…”

Section: High Density Ion Sources Used To Produce Iibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralized, intense-ion beams for fusion

Wessel,

Egly,

Rogers

2024

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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- A charge- and current-neutralized, intense-ion beam (IIB) will propagate undeflected in a magnetized plasma by the $\bf{E}\times\bf{B}$, or diamagnetic, drift for a distance large compared to the beam-ion gyro-radius. This propagation occurs because of collective plasma effects when the beam-energy density is sufficient to sustain the polarization-electric field, or diamagnetic-screening currents. Our principal interest is the \exb, with $\beta = \mathcal{E}_\text{beam}/ \mathcal{E}_\text{field} < 1$. IIBs are characterized by parameters in the range: 0.1-2 MeV ion energy, 1-100 MA/m$^2$ ion-current density, and 17 - 350 kW average power produced on repetitively-pulsed systems. Multi-MW average-beam power is possible with appropriate modifications to the power supply and ion-source/accelerator. IIBs can be focused geometrically, and/or magnetically, to spot sizes of the order of a few cm's and their angular divergence is typically, $\sim$15 mRadians, suitable for long-range propagation in a vacuum beam-line. IIBs lose energy and momentum in the same manner as particles injected by a neutral-beam injector (NBIs), hence could be useful for fusion applications, including: heating, current drive, fueling, profile modifications, etc., and such applications have yet to be thoroughly studied. Summarized here are the physical principles accounting for IIB propagation; ion-source designs used to produce the IIB; and pulsed-power methods for energizing the IIB accelerator. This technology base informs scalable metrics for the ion-source/accelerator (excluding the HV power supply and interconnects) used in a conceptual injector that provides the same ion energy and injected power (1 MeV, 17 MW) as NBIs used on ITER. A comparison indicates that the IIB injector would be much smaller in size, lower cost, and have much greater efficiency, while also providing for real-time modulation of the beam energy and intensity and the use of small-diameter injection ports that could minimize fuel contamination and magnetic-field leakage between the IIB injector and tokamak.

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Section: High Density Ion Sources Used To Produce Iibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralized, intense-ion beams for fusion

Wessel,

Egly,

Rogers

2024

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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“…Thermal diffusion rapidly (10 9 -10 10 K s −1 ) cools the surface, leading to the formation of amorphous layers by rapid quenching. Courtesy: Sandia IBEST treatment facility [86].…”

Section: Rtp Processing Using Ion Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stinnett et al [86] presented a new, commercial-scale thermal surface treatment technology called Ion Beam Surface Treatment (IBEST) based on the availability of high average power (5-500 kW) pulsed ion beams at 0.5-1 MeV energies. The technique uses high-energy, pulsed (typically <100 ns) ion beams to directly deposit energy in the top 2-20 µm of the surface of any material as shown in figure 6.…”

Section: Rtp Processing Using Ion Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-energy density beams and plasmas for micro- and nano-texturing of surfaces by rapid melting and solidification

Surla¹,

Ruzic²

2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Several advances in materials research have been made due to the wide array of tools currently available for the processing of materials: plasmas, electron beams, ion beams and lasers. The area of material science is fortunate to have seen the development of these tools over the years, be it for new bulk materials, coatings or for surface modification. Several applications have benefited and many more will in the future as the properties of the materials are altered on a micro/nanoscale. Currently, several techniques exist to modify the physical, chemical and biological properties of the material surface; however, this review limits itself to surface modification applications using the rapid thermal processing (RTP) technique. First, a brief overview of the existing surface modification methods using the principles of RTP is reviewed, and then a novel method to create micro/nanostructures on the surface using pulsed plasma exposure of materials is presented.

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“…After being prepared with SLM, the surface treatment may be required on superalloys for better performance, and surface melting and smoothing are often demanded for further applications. Intense pulsed ion beam (IPIB), initially developed in the 1970s as a technique for the ignition of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) [9,10], was utilized for the surface treatment of metals in the 1990s with moderate beam intensity [11][12][13]. IPIBs for material surface treatment purposes are typically composed of relatively light ions (protons or carbon ions), with the energy density of several J/cm 2 and a pulse length within 1 µs [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Effects of an Intense Pulsed Ion Beam on the Surface Melting of IN718 Superalloy Prepared with Selective Laser Melting

Min

Ding

et al. 2020

Metals

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Intense pulsed ion beam irradiation on IN718 superalloy prepared with selective laser melting as an after-treatment for surface melting is introduced. It is demonstrated that intense pulsed ion beam composed of protons and carbon ions, with a maximum current density of 200 A/cm2 and a pulse length of 80 ns, can induce surface melting and the surface roughness changes significantly due to the generation of micro-defects and the flow of the molten surface. Irradiation experiments and thermal field simulation revealed that the energy density of the ion beam plays a predominant role in the irradiation effect—with low energy density, the flow of molten surface is too weak to smooth the fluctuations on the surface. With high energy density, the surface can be effectively melted and smoothened while micro-defects, such as craters, may be generated and can be flattened by an increased number of pulses. The research verified that for the surface melting with intense pulsed ion beam (IPIB), higher energy density should be used for stronger surface fluidity and a greater pulse number is also required for the curing of surface micro-defects.

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Ion beam surface treatment: a new technique for thermally modifying surfaces using intense, pulsed ion beams

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Neutralized, intense-ion beams for fusion

Neutralized, intense-ion beams for fusion

High-energy density beams and plasmas for micro- and nano-texturing of surfaces by rapid melting and solidification

Investigation of the Effects of an Intense Pulsed Ion Beam on the Surface Melting of IN718 Superalloy Prepared with Selective Laser Melting

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