Iodine deficiency and its associated factors among primary school children in Anchar district, Eastern Ethiopia

Muktar, Muzemil; Roba, Kedir Teji; Mengistie, Bezatu; Gebremichael, Berhe

doi:10.2147/phmt.s165933

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The median urinary iodine level in this study was 158.5 μg/L ranging from 5.1 μg/L to 528.8 μg/L which is higher than a study in Bahir Dar, Amhara region Ethiopia and Aira district, west Ethiopia that showed a median urinary iodine level of 58.8 mg/L (12.89 mg/L to 564.5 mg/L) [14] and 70.5 μg/l respectively [15]. Another study in Anchar district, Eastern Ethiopia, reported a median urinary iodine concentration of 146 μg/L which is comparable with the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Prevalence of urinary iodine concentration among school children: in Dessie City, Ethiopia

Ayalew

Hassen

Marefiyaw³

et al. 2021

BMC Pediatr

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Background Urinary iodine is recommended by the world health organization as the main indicator to assess iodine status in a population. Despite this recommendation little is known about urinary iodine concentration in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of urinary iodine concentration among school-aged children. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the level of urinary iodine from April to June 2019 and a systematic random sampling technique was applied to select study participants. Socio-demographic characteristics were assessed using a pretested structured questionnaire and the laboratory method by Sandell–Kolthoff reaction method was used. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 21 software for analysis. Result A total of 634 study participants were enrolled in the study with a median age of 12 years (±SD = 2.0). The majority of the children were females (55.4%) and more than half of respondents report the use of iodized salt always. Median urinary iodine concentration was 158.5 μg/L (±SD = 104.1) with minimum and maximum values of 5.1 μg/L and 528.8 μg/L, respectively. The overall iodine deficiency in this study was 18.6% and severe deficiency constituted 7.4%. Conclusions The iodine deficiency of the school children aged 6 to 14 in the present study was 18.6% indicating high prevalence. A high proportion of iodine deficiency was observed among females and it increases as age increases. This indicates the need for an additional strategy to control iodine deficiency.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Prevalence of urinary iodine concentration among school children: in Dessie City, Ethiopia

Ayalew

Hassen

Marefiyaw³

et al. 2021

BMC Pediatr

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“…Similarly, a study in pregnant women in Tanzania reported that the poorest households were associated with a higher prevalence of iodine deficiency (24) . In addition, Muktar et al reported that the poorest households in Ethiopia were associated with iodine deficiency in school children (25) . In Peru, Tarqui-Mamani et al found that households with extreme poverty and poverty had the highest consumption of salt with inadequate iodine concentrations (11) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the consumption of table salt with inadequate iodine concentrations: a population analysis at a Peruvian household level

Hernández-Vasquéz

Vargas-Fernández

Azañedo³

2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective Iodine deficiency is a public health problem, especially in Peru, where it affects women of childbearing age and school-age children. The objective of the study was to conduct a household-level analysis of the factors associated with the consumption of table salt with inadequate amounts of iodine in Peru. Design Analytical cross-sectional study using Peruvian household level data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES, 2019). Table salt iodine concentrations were considered as the dependent variable (“inadequate” with iodine levels < 30 PPM and “adequate” with levels ≥ 30 PPM). The association between iodine concentrations in salt and independent variables was evaluated using bivariate and multivariate log-binomial regression models. Setting Peru. Participants A total of 25,007 households were included. Results 21.8% of Peruvian households had inadequate table salt iodine concentrations. Belonging to the poorer and poorest wealth index, living in the Highlands natural region, and living with women of childbearing age with native mother tongue were identified as factors associated with inadequate iodine concentrations in table salt. Conclusions There is an urgent need to ensure that table salt with adequate iodine concentrations is available for poor populations, residents of the Highlands, and households with ethnic presence. Likewise, it is necessary to promote good storage practices, greater regulation/law enforcement and better monitoring of the companies that manufacture or sell this product. Furthermore, the population needs to be informed of the disorders associated with iodine deficiency.

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“…Even though it is not statistically signi cant, the pooled effect size of sex of the children was 1.87, which was obtained from ve studies [31][32][33][34]36]. Accordingly, the odds of becoming Iodine de cient is nearly 2 (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.43-2.44) times higher among female school children compared to male school children (Fig.…”

Section: Association Of Sex With Iodine De Ciencymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Association of goiterogenic food consumption and iodine de ciency was examined by using two studies [33,36] and found that the odds of iodine de ciency among school aged children is nearly 3 (OR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.60: 5.35) times higher among children who had ever consumed goiterogenic foods compared to those who had never consumed them (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Association Of Goiterogenic Food Consumption With Iodine De ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Iodine deficiency a burden among school-age children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Baffa

Angaw

Abriham

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Nowadays, Iodine deficiency has become a huge burden to the globe, leaving 2 billion people and 29.8% of school-age children iodine deficient. It is a leading cause of preventable brain damage among children, resulting in impaired cognitive and motor development. Even though, salt iodization was started to be implemented to alleviate this burden in Ethiopia, primary studies assessing Iodine deficiency in the country show inconsistent findings which make it difficult to assess the effect of the intervention as well as to design appropriate and timely measures. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of iodine deficiency and the common factors affecting its occurrence among school-age children in Ethiopia. Method To obtain the eligible studies, databases (EMBASE, Scopus, Hinari, and PubMed), websites (Google and Google Scholar), and references of the eligible studies were searched systematically. Data were extracted using an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA 17 version. I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. Random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and pooled odds ratio. Funnel plot and Egger’s test were done to detect publication bias. Result A total of 15 eligible studies, having 15,611 school-age children were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of Iodine deficiency among school-age children in Ethiopia was found to be 58% (95%CI: 44.00–77.00), while the highest prevalence was recorded in Oromia region, which was 64% (95% CI: 49–79). Goitrogenic food consumption (AOR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.60–5.35) and sex of the child (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.43–2.44) showed a significant association with the prevalence of iodine deficiency. Conclusion Iodine deficiency among school-age children in Ethiopia was found noticeably high. Goitrogenic food consumption and the sex of the child were determinant factors for the occurrence of iodine deficiency among the children. Therefore, appropriate advice should be given to the households to limit goitrogenic foods in the diet of their children by giving due attention to their female children.

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Iodine deficiency and its associated factors among primary school children in Anchar district, Eastern Ethiopia

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence of urinary iodine concentration among school children: in Dessie City, Ethiopia

Prevalence of urinary iodine concentration among school children: in Dessie City, Ethiopia

Factors associated with the consumption of table salt with inadequate iodine concentrations: a population analysis at a Peruvian household level

Is Iodine deficiency a burden among school-age children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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