Iodine Concentrations in Milk of Dairy Cattle Fed Various Amounts of Iodine as Ethylenediamine Dihydroiodide

Berg, J. N.; Padgitt, D. D.; McCarthy, B.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(88)79933-6

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The amount of iodine in milk reflects the dietary iodine content and it is an indicator of the iodine status of the animal (Berg et al, 1988). However, the source of iodine is important in determining the milk iodine content -for an iodine intake of 81 mg per cow, the KI is less efficient than the organic iodine EDDI in raising the milk iodine content, 379 v. 895 mg/l, respectively (Miller and Swanson, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine and selenium carry over in milk and cheese in dairy cows: effect of diet supplementation and milk yield

Moschini

Battaglia

Beone

et al. 2010

Animal

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Iodine and selenium are essential trace elements involved in the regulation of thyroid metabolism and antioxidant status. Two experiments were undertaken on lactating cows to determine the milk concentrations of iodine and selenium, carry over (CO) in milk, the fraction in curdle portion and how milk yield affects the milk iodine and selenium concentrations and CO. Sources of elements were potassium iodide and sodium selenite. In Experiment 1, 12 cows were randomly allotted to three diet groups in a completely randomized design: control group (CTR) -total mixed ration (TMR) containing 1.71 and 0.08 mg/kg dry matter (DM); Group 1 (T1) -TMR plus 23.8 and 2.2 mg; Group 2 (T2) -TMR plus 45.5 and 4.3 mg, respectively, for iodine and selenium. In Experiment 2, 30 cows were allotted to three groups according to milk yield: high (H), average (A) and low (L). Within each group, cows were randomly assigned two levels of iodine and selenium: Level 1: TMR containing 1.55 and 0.15 mg/kg DM; Level 2: TMR plus 47.2 mg and 8.0 mg, respectively, iodine and selenium. In both experiments, individual milk samples were collected and analyzed for iodine and selenium contents. In Experiment 1, Grana Padano cheese was obtained at lab scale and the iodine and selenium fractions in the curd were measured. In Experiment 1, the iodine intake increased ( P , 0.001) the concentration and total excretion in milk. The CO increased ( P , 0.05) from 16 (CTR) to 27 (T1) and 26% (T2); the sampling time was significant ( P , 0.05) with no interaction with treatments. Concentration of selenium in milk was increased ( P , 0.05) by treatment and CO decreased ( P , 0.01) from 26 (CTR) to 12 (T1) and 9% (T2). The iodine showed a mild enrichment factor in the curdle (about 1.7-fold), whereas selenium enriched five-to sevenfold. In Experiment 2, the level of iodine supplementation affected ( P , 0.05) the concentration and total excretion in milk. No effects on milk iodine concentration were related to milk yield or milk yield 3 treatment interaction; however, the iodine excretion in milk was major ( P , 0.05) in higher yielding groups. The iodine CO was affected ( P , 0.05) by the milk yield in supplemented groups. The selenium milk concentration and excretion were affected ( P , 0.01) by the milk yield, whereas the CO was affected ( P , 0.05) by the milk yield and selenium supplementation. Results highlight the possibility of fortification with iodine in milk and selenium in cheese through animal feeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine and selenium carry over in milk and cheese in dairy cows: effect of diet supplementation and milk yield

Moschini

Battaglia

Beone

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…About 80 to 90 % of dietary iodine is absorbed and most of the iodine not taken up by the thyroid gland is excreted in urine and milk (Miller et al, 1988) that normally contains from 30 to 300 μg iodine/l. The iodine content of milk generally increases as dietary iodine increases making the iodine content of milk a reasonable indicator of the iodine status (Berg et al, 1988). According to Laarveld et al (1981b) feeding low-Gls diets resulting in the daily intake of 14 to 47 mmol Gls did not change milk iodine content while feeding low-Gls rapeseed meal at higher levels in dairy cows (intake of 37-63 mmol Gls/day) reduced milk iodine content.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in fatty acid profile and iodine content in milk as influenced by the inclusion of extruded rapeseed cake in the diet of dairy cows

Veselý¹,

Křížová²,

Třináctý³

et al. 2009

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of extruded rapeseed cake in diets of dairy cows on changes in milk fatty acid profile and iodine content in milk and on the thyroid gland status. An experiment was carried out on four lactating Holstein cows divided into 2 groups – experimental (R) fed a diet based on extruded rapeseed cake and control (S) fed a diet based on extruded full-fat soya. The experiment was divided into 4 periods of 42 days (21 days of preliminary period and 21 days of experimental period). Samples of milk and blood were taken three times a week during the experimental period. DMI was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). Milk yield and 4% FCM were lower in R compared to S (P < 0.05). Percentages of milk fat and protein were higher in R than in S (P < 0.05). The total content of SFA and UFA was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). However, the content of MUFA in R was higher (34.71 g/100 g) and the content of PUFA was lower (4.00 g/100 g) than in S (32.14 and 5.54 g/100 g, respectively (P < 0.05). The contents of C18:2 and C18:3 isomers and metabolites in R were lower than in S (P < 0.05). The content of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA was lower in R (0.71 and 0.016 g/100 g) compared to S (0.97 and 0.022 g/100 g, respectively, P < 0.05). The index of atherogenicity and peroxidisability in R was lower than in S (P < 0.05). The index of desaturation was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). The mean daily intake of glucosinolates (Gls) in R was 50.14 mmol and resulted in a significant decrease in iodine concentration in milk in R (196.7 μg/l) in comparison with S (367.0 μg/l, P < 0.05) resulting in the lower daily iodine output in milk in R compared to S (4.4 and 9.2 mg/day, respectively, P < 0.05). Concentrations of T3 and T4 in blood plasma were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05).

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“…E.g. in dairy cows the alimentary intake of iodine should not reach the level when its content in milk exceeds 500 μg/l (Berg et al, 1988, Kursa et al, 2005. Anke et al (1994a), Kaufmann et al (1998) and others consider iodine excretion through milk in the range of 80 to 200 or 250 μg/l to be the evidence of optimum saturation of cows with iodine even in the status of higher requirements and concurrently.…”

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Iodine status in ewes with the intake of iodine enriched alga Chlorella

Trávníček¹,

Kroupová²,

Konečný³

et al. 2010

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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AbstrAct:The effect of increased intake of iodine at different selenium intake was studied in three groups of lambing ewes consisting of five animals and in their lambs for 76 days (from day 4 to day 80 post partum). Iodine in blood plasma, milk and urine was determined by a modified method according to Sandell-Kolthoff. Mineral supplement contained iodine and selenium in the form of I-or Se-enriched alga Chlorella. The content of iodine and selenium per 1 kg DM of experimental diet was as follows: group G1 0.7 mg I and 0.2 mg Se, group G2 0.7 mg I and 0.4 mg Se, group G3 1.3 mg I and 0.4 mg Se. The increased intake of iodine was not accompanied by an iodine increase in blood plasma until day 60 of lactation in connection with its high excretion into milk. The highest iodine content in milk was recorded on day 20 to 30 of lactation while there was a drop on day 60 of lactation. Iodine content in the blood plasma of lambs reflected iodine content in the milk of their mothers. The highest content of iodine in milk, blood plasma and urine was in the group with its highest intake (G3). Lower urinary output of iodine and higher iodine output in milk in lambing ewes of group G2 compared to group G1 document the higher retention and utilization of iodine in ewes with a higher supply of selenium. The average content of iodine in milk in group G1, G2 and G3 was as follows: 724.2 ± 485.3; 885.9 ± 460.6; and 1 126 ± 262.5 µg/l.

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Iodine Concentrations in Milk of Dairy Cattle Fed Various Amounts of Iodine as Ethylenediamine Dihydroiodide

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Iodine and selenium carry over in milk and cheese in dairy cows: effect of diet supplementation and milk yield

Iodine and selenium carry over in milk and cheese in dairy cows: effect of diet supplementation and milk yield

Changes in fatty acid profile and iodine content in milk as influenced by the inclusion of extruded rapeseed cake in the diet of dairy cows

Iodine status in ewes with the intake of iodine enriched alga Chlorella

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