Involvement of sinoaortic afferents in renal sympathoinhibition and vasodilation induced by acute hypernatremia

Abstract

Despite the abundance of evidence that supports the important role of aortic and carotid afferents to short-term regulation of blood pressure and detection of variation in the arterial PO2 , PCO2 and pH, relatively little is known regarding the role of these afferents during changes in the volume and composition of extracellular compartments. The present study sought to determine the involvement of these afferents in the renal vasodilation and sympathoinhibition induced by hypertonic saline (HS) infusion. Sinoaortic-denervated and sham male Wistar rats were anaesthetised with intravenous (i.v.) urethane (1.2 g/kg body weight (bw)) prior to the measurement of the mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal vascular conductance (RVC) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). In the sham group, the HS infusion (3 mol/L NaCl, 1.8 mL/kg bw, i.v.) induced transient hypertension (12 ± 4 mmHg from baseline, peak at 10 min; P < 0.05), an increase in RVC (127 ± 9% and 150 ± 13% from baseline, at 20 and 60 min respectively; P < 0.05) and a decrease in RSNA (-34 ± 10% and -29 ± 5% from baseline, at 10 and 60 min respectively; P < 0.05). In sinoaortic-denervated rats, HS infusion promoted a sustained pressor response (30 ± 5 and 17 ± 6 mmHg of baseline values, at 10 and 30 min respectively; P < 0.05) and abolished the increase in RVC (85 ± 8% from baseline, at 10 min) and decrease in RSNA (-4 ± 3% from baseline, at 10 min). These results suggest that aortic and carotid afferents are involved in cardiovascular and renal sympathoinhibition responses induced by acute hypernatremia.

Selective denervation of the aortic and carotid baroreceptors in rats

“…the chemoreceptor afferents, intact. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe and test the efficacy As is widely known, the traditional approach for SAD results not only in denervation of the aortic and carotid baroreceptors, but also in elimination of the carotid chemoreceptors (Franchini & Krieger, 1992;Krieger, 1964;Silva et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 1995). For instance, Silva et al (2015) verified that traditional SAD abolished the reflex bradycardia in response to I.V.…”

“…As is widely known, the traditional approach for SAD results not only in denervation of the aortic and carotid baroreceptors, but also in elimination of the carotid chemoreceptors (Franchini & Krieger, ; Krieger, ; Silva et al., ; Zhang et al., ). For instance, Silva et al.…”

“…For instance, Silva et al. () verified that traditional SAD abolished the reflex bradycardia in response to i.v . administration of phenylephrine, indicating successful denervation of the aortic and carotid baroreceptors.…”

“…These protocols were carried out 24 h after the surgical procedures and recovery from anaesthesia, following the same time frame reported by previous studies using the traditional SAD (Krieger et al., , Silva et al., , Zhang, Barrès, & Julien, ). Freely moving rats from both SHAM ( n = 9) and BAROS‐X ( n = 8) groups had the arterial catheter connected to a pressure transducer (MLT844; ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia).…”

“…These protocols were carried out 24 h after the surgical procedures and recovery from anaesthesia, following the same time frame reported by previous studies using the traditional SAD (Krieger et al, 2006, Silva et al, 2015, Zhang, Barrès, & Julien, 1995.…”