Involvement of reactive oxygen species in emotional stress: A hypothesis based on the immobilization stress-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant defense changes in rat brain, and the effect of antioxidant treatment with reduced glutathione

Abstract

We examined the oxidative dar~tage and antioxidant defense changes with immobilization-induced emotional stress in the rat brain. Though superoxide dismutase activity remained unchanged, brain peroxidation was significantly accelerated by the immobilization stress. Membrane fluidity study with spitz labeling in brain cortical membrane showed that immobilization stress induced an increase in microviscositv of membrane layer near the surface and in the ordering of membrane proteins but a decrease in microviscosity at the core of the membrane bilayer. The Na, K-ATPase activity decreased whereas the levels of some monoamines and their metabolites increased along with their metabolic rate. The administration of reduced glutathione showed a protective effect on the immobilization stress-induced stomach bleeding, oxidative damage and abnormal changes in the brain antioxidant defenses. Based on these results and on previous reports, we hypothesize that immobilization stress may induce the .formation of reactive oxygen species which weakens the brain antioxidant de-

Interspecific Associations between Circulating Antioxidant Levels and Life‐History Variation in Birds

“…Here we show that similar trends appear to apply to circulating levels of micromolecular antioxidants as well, across a wide range of bird species. This result is consistent with recent intraspecific work suggesting that high antioxidant capacity and uric acid are likely indicators of recent stress (e.g., oxidative or immune), perhaps because they are upregulated to deal with oxidative crises (Liu and Mori 1994;Oishi et al 1999;Gümüslü et al 2002;Tsahar et al 2006;Hõrak et al 2007;Cohen et al 2008). However, given the complexity of our results, we cannot predict what we would have found had we studied other antioxidants, such as selenium and vitamin C, or measured tissue levels of antioxidants in these birds.…”

nbsp;language=en]Plasma cytokine response, lipid peroxidation and NF-κB activation in skeletal muscle following maximum progressive swimming

“…An increased level of lipid peroxidation is the evidence most frequently cited to demonstrate the presence of oxidative stress in various tissues (28). We demonstrated that swimming induced an increase in TBARS generation in soleus muscle immediately after exercise, with this value returning to pre-exercise levels 3 h later (Figure 1).…”

Petroleum Products in Soil Mediated Oxidative Stress in Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) and Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) Seedlings

“…Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species initiate lipid peroxidation [19] [20] that culminate in oxidative stress [21]. An increase in the level of lipid peroxidation is the evidence most frequently cited in support of the involvement of oxidative stress in tissues [22]- [24].…”