Involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia in an age-associated neurodegeneration model, the SAMP10 mouse

Kumagai, Naoya; Chiba, Yoichi; Hosono, Masamichi; Fujisawa, Masato; Kawamura, Noriko; Keino, Hiromi; Yoshikawa, Ken; Ishii, Sanae; Saitoh, Yuhei; Satoh, Mamoru; Shimada, Atsuyoshi; Hosokawa, Masanori

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.021

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Similar to GRN Ϫ/Ϫ mice, SAMP10 mice were also shown in a separate study to have extensive gliosis characterized by changes in microglial morphology and numbers. 39 Pathological similarities between GRN Ϫ/Ϫ and SAMP10 mice suggest that they may share a common underlying abnormality. Consistent with this idea, SAMP10 mice have a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF1) gene, resulting in the absence of normal FGF1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Lipofuscinosis and Ubiquitination in Granulin Knockout Mice Suggest a Role for Progranulin in Successful Aging

Ahmed¹,

Hong²,

Xu³

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Pathology

267

291

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Lipofuscinosis and Ubiquitination in Granulin Knockout Mice Suggest a Role for Progranulin in Successful Aging

Ahmed¹,

Hong²,

Xu³

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Pathology

267

291

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“…The present study also supports the hypothesis that neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of PD because a significantly increased hs-CRP level was found in patients with PD compared to normal subjects. However, previous studies indicate that microglia are capable of both neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects depending on the specific stimulus, injury severity and environment [20,27,28]. Microglia are distributed ubiquitously throughout the brain and function as resident macrophages and antigen-presenting cells in the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum hs-CRP Levels are Increased in de Novo Parkinson's Disease Independently from Age of Onset

et al. 2014

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Background: Microglia in the brain are the counterpart of macrophages and it functions as a first defense in the brain. The double-edged feature of microglia has explained that the inflammatory state of microglia in aged brains induces them to over-respond to small stimuli that are otherwise well controlled in young brains. The clinical effect of microglia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly defined. This prospective study assessed the peripheral concentrations of hs-CRP, a protein able to reflect neuroinflammation in the CNS, in de novo PD patients with varying ages of onset. Methods: We examined 435 patients with de novo PD and 221 healthy subjects and the differences in hs-CRP between these groups were investigated. The PD group was classified into 4 subgroups according to the age of de novo PD to investigate the relationship between hs-CRP and the aging process in de novo PD. Results: There were significantly higher serum hs-CRP levels in patients with PD compared with healthy subjects. A post-hoc analysis of the 4 PD subgroups showed no significant differences in serum hs-CRP level. Conclusion: We assumed that neuroinflammatory reactions play a role in the pathogenesis of PD, but found no clinical evidence of a neuroprotective effect against PD in young brains. To clarify the role of microglia and aging in the pathogenesis of PD, future longitudinal studies involving a large cohort are required.

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“…In a rat model of brain injury caused by the intraperitoneal administration of kainic acid, reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiate an inflammatory response by up-regulating IL-1β expression [48] . Brain damage also increases the expression of pro-infl ammatory cytokines [49] . TNF-α levels are elevated in various experimental models of brain injury [50] , including the administration of kainic acid [51] or lipopolysaccharide [52] , injection of the excitotoxin ibotenic acid [53] , closed head injury [54] , and traumatic head injury [55] .…”

Section: Can the Brain Produce Cytokines?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and TNF-α induced as a secondary event following brain damage exaggerate the neurodegeneration [49] .…”

Section: Can the Brain Produce Cytokines?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TNF-α levels are elevated in various experimental models of brain injury [50] , including the administration of kainic acid [51] or lipopolysaccharide [52] , injection of the excitotoxin ibotenic acid [53] , closed head injury [54] , and traumatic head injury [55] . Specifically, IL-6and TNF-α induced as a secondary event following brain damage exaggerate the neurodegeneration [49] .Taken together, cytokines are produced in the brain by …”

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confidence: 99%

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Inflammation: a mechanism of depression?

Han

2014

Neurosci. Bull.

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In recent decades, major depression has become more prevalent and research has shown that immune activation and cytokine production may be involved. This review is mainly focused on the contribution of infl ammation to depression. We fi rst briefl y introduce the infl ammatory biomarkers of depression, then discuss the sources of cytokines in the brain, and fi nally describe the neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying the association between infl ammation and depression.Keywords: depression; infl ammation; cytokines; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; 5-HT; neuroplasticity ·Review· IntroductionThe prevalence of major depression has increased dramatically over the past few decades [1] , and women are nearly twice as likely as men to develop depressive disorder [2] . Depression is classified as a brain disorder, but its symptomatology includes some behaviors that also occur during chronic infl ammatory stress [3] . Research has shown that immune activation and the production of cytokines may be involved in depression [4] , so this relationship has received much attention. In fact, three causal pathways have been proposed: depression to inflammation, inflammation to depression, and a bidirectional relationship [5] . In this review, we focus on the impact of inflammation on depression and the underlying mechanisms. Cytokines are small cell-signaling proteins that mediate and regulate immune responses and inflammation, and can be divided into two categories:the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1Rα, IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Generally, t he proinfl ammatory cytokines promote systemic infl ammation and are essential for the initiation of an infl ammatory response to disease [6] , while the anti-inflammatory cytokines antagonize these actions to reduce inflammation and promote healing [6,7] . Moreover, some cytokines play dual roles [8] . In the central nervous system (CNS), the cellular source, function, and mechanisms of action of cytokines differ from those in the periphery. In the following, we briefl y introduce the current research on infl ammatory biomarkers of depression. Infl ammatory Biomarkers of DepressionSo far, there are neither universally accepted or defi nitive biomarkers of depression [9] , nor effective methods to assess the severity, endophenotypes, or response to treatment [10] .However, sufficient evidence has suggested changes in the circulating levels of cytokines in depressed patients, which can be reversed by antidepressant treatments [11,12] .So, many studies have aimed to clarify the neurobiological changes in depression and to establish inflammatory biomarkers. The peripheral levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β are increased in patients with depression [13][14][15][16][17] , and antidepressant treatments reverse this effect [18][19][20] . These consistent results demonstrate that IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β are putative biomarkers for depression. However, due to the he...

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Involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia in an age-associated neurodegeneration model, the SAMP10 mouse

Cited by 44 publications

References 59 publications

Accelerated Lipofuscinosis and Ubiquitination in Granulin Knockout Mice Suggest a Role for Progranulin in Successful Aging

Accelerated Lipofuscinosis and Ubiquitination in Granulin Knockout Mice Suggest a Role for Progranulin in Successful Aging

Serum hs-CRP Levels are Increased in de Novo Parkinson's Disease Independently from Age of Onset

Inflammation: a mechanism of depression?

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