Involvement of MicroRNAs in Probiotics-Induced Reduction of the Cecal Inflammation by Salmonella Typhimurium

Abstract

The microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in the development of the immune system and in regulation of host inflammation responses. Probiotics can effectively alleviate the inflammation caused by Salmonella in chickens. However, whether and how miRNAs are involved in modulation of the inflammation response in the gut of chickens have not been reported. In this study, the impact of a probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum Z01 (LPZ01), was investigated on the cecal miRNAs and cytokine secretions in Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium)-infected chickens at the age of 3 days. Newly hatched chicks were assigned to four groups (1): NC (basal diet) (2): S (basal diet + S. Typhimurium challenged) (3): SP (basal diet + S. Typhimurium challenged + LPZ01) (4): P (basal diet + LPZ01). In comparison with the S group, chicks in the SP group reduced the number of S. Typhimurium and had lower levels of interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha factor (LITAF) in ceca post challenge. Expression of 14 miRNAs was significantly affected by the presence of S. Typhimurium and/or lactobacillus. Five differential expression miRNAs (gga-miR-215-5p, gga-miR-3525, gga-miR-193a-5p, gga-miR-122-5p, and gga-miR-375) were randomly selected for confirmation by the RT-PCR. Predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched in regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, stress-activated MAPK cascade, immune system development and regulation of immune system process as well as in immune related pathways such as MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways. The relationship between changes of miRNAs and changes of cytokines was explored. Finally, 119 novel miRNAs were identified in 36 libraries totally. Identification of novel miRNAs significantly expanded the repertoire of chicken miRNAs and provided the basis for understanding the function of miRNAs in the host. Our results suggest that the probiotics reduce the inflammation of the S. Typhimurium infection in neonatal broiler chicks, at least partially, through regulation of miRNAs expression.

Microbiota Imbalance Contributes to COPD Deterioration by Enhancing IL-17a Production via miR-122 and miR-30a

“… 22 In addition, Lactobacillus can affect the expression level of certain cytokines and miRNAs such as miR-375, miR-122-5p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-3525, as well as miR-215-5p in chickens infected by Salmonella Typhimurium. 23 In addition, Lactobacillus was shown to be present in the fecal samples collected from healthy centenarians and was used to alleviate the severity of food induced allergies in mice by promoting the production of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in regulatory T cells (T-regs). 24 Furthermore, the administration of an oral dose of Lactobacillus in rats could alleviate the symptoms of AHR and reduce the severity of inflammations in the airways, as well as reduce the response of IL-17 induced by the exposure to PM2.5 and OVA.…”

Gga-miR-3525 Targets PDLIM3 through the MAPK Signaling Pathway to Regulate the Proliferation and Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

“…In the miRBase database, miR-3525 is unique among chickens. Previous studies on gga-miR-3525 focused on lung, trachea [12], and cecum [13]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine its role in skeletal muscle development.…”

“…gga-miR-3525 (miRBase accession number: MIMAT0016382) is specifically expressed in chickens [11]; it was first identified in the lungs and trachea of chickens infected with avian influenza virus and found to target the interleukin-6 signal converter (IL6ST) [12]. Chen et al found that gga-miR-3525 was involved in probiotics-induced reduction of cecal inflammation by Salmonella Typhimurium in neonatal broiler chickens [13]. Additionally, expression of gga-miR-3525 is altered after heat stress in layers, suggesting that gga-miR-3525 may participate in regulation of heat stress-induced damage in the chicken [14].…”

Epigenetic Regulation by Non-Coding RNAs in the Avian Immune System

“…It is a major food-borne pathogen and has an impact on the microbiological safety of eggs which is also a risk factor to humans [165]. A previous study revealed 14 miRNAs that were significantly altered by the infection of S. typhimurium [166]. Among them, miR-3525, miR-215-5p, miR-193a-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-375 were verified by qRT-PCR.…”

“…Among them, miR-3525, miR-215-5p, miR-193a-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-375 were verified by qRT-PCR. The predicted DEmiRNAs target genes were enriched in immune system development, stress-activated MAPK cascade, the regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, and the regulation of immune system process (such as, MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways) [166].…”