Involvement of IL-10 and IL-4 in evasion strategies of Echinococcus granulosus to host immune response

Amri, Manel; Mezioug, Dalila; Touil-Boukoffa, Chafia

doi:10.1684/ecn.2009.0154

Cited by 61 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Data obtained in E. granulosus experimental infection supported the hypothesis that early IL-10, secreted by B cells in response to non-proteic antigens, may favor parasitesurvival and the establishment of a polarized type-2 cytokine response [22]. Recent findings suggested that IL-4/IL-10 impairs the Th1 protective response and allows the parasite to survive in hydatid patients [23].…”

Section: Cytokine Production and Immune Modulation By E Granulosusmentioning

confidence: 74%

Cystic Echinococcosis: Aspects of Immune Response, Immunopathogenesis and Immune Evasion from the Human Host

Siracusano¹,

Delunardo²,

Teggi³

et al. 2012

EMIDDT

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected infectious disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. It constitutes a major public health problem in developing countries. During CE, the distinguishing feature of the host-parasite relationship is that chronic infection coexists with detectable humoral and cellular responses against the parasite. In order to establish successfully an infection, E. granulosus releases molecules that directly modulate the host immune responses favoring a strong anti-inflammatory response and perpetuating parasite survival in the host. In vitro and in vivo immunological approaches, together with molecular biology and immunoproteomic technologies provided us exciting insights into the mechanisms involved in the initiation of E. granulosus infection and the consequent induction and regulation of the immune response. Here, we review some of the recent developments and discuss how these observations helped to understand the immunology of E. granulosus infection in man. Although the last decade has clarified many aspects of host-relationship in human CE, establishing the full mechanisms that cause the disease require more studies. We need to define more clearly the events that manipulate the host immune response to protect the E. granulosus from elimination and minimizing severe pathology in the host.

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Section: Cytokine Production and Immune Modulation By E Granulosusmentioning

confidence: 74%

Cystic Echinococcosis: Aspects of Immune Response, Immunopathogenesis and Immune Evasion from the Human Host

Siracusano¹,

Delunardo²,

Teggi³

et al. 2012

EMIDDT

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“…Th1 and Th2 cells mainly exert their biological effects through secreting the cytokines of IFN- γ and IL-4. CE and AE patients show an upregulation of Th2 immune response at the late stage of infection, which has been shown in the liver lesions locally and in circulating lymphocytes and results in more rapid metacestode growth [37, 38]. There is, however, evidence that cellular immunity and Th1 cytokines also play a role, by controlling totally parasite growth in some individuals and in limiting the size of the lesions in the patients with the diseases [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is, however, evidence that cellular immunity and Th1 cytokines also play a role, by controlling totally parasite growth in some individuals and in limiting the size of the lesions in the patients with the diseases [5]. Treg cells inhibit the immune response of effector T cells by secreting large amounts of IL-10 and TGF- β , which play critical roles of immune evasion in human parasitic infection [37–39]. Clearly, Th1/Th2 imbalance plays an important role in controlling the immunopathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th9/IL-9 Profile in Human Echinococcosis: Their Involvement in Immune Response during Infection byEchinococcus granulosus

Pang

Zhang

et al. 2014

Mediators of Inflammation

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Th9 cells have been reported to contribute to immune responses; however, the role of Th9 cells in Echinococcus granulosus infection is unknown. This study is to determine whether Th9 cells and IL-9 are involved in human Echinococcus granulosus infection. Compared with healthy controls (HC group), the mRNA levels of PU.1, IL-9, and GATA-3 were significantly increased in patients before therapy (CE group), as revealed by qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentages of Th9 and Th2 cells in CE group were significantly higher. The levels of IL-9, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β in CE group were also significantly increased, as detected by CBA assay. The percentages of Th9 and Th2 cells in CE group were positively correlated. After treatments of surgery in combination with albendazole, the PU.1 and GATA-3 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in patients after therapy (PCE group) compared with CE group. The numbers of Th9 and Th2 cells and levels of IL-9, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β were also significantly decreased in PCE group. In conclusion, the ratios of Th9 cells and IL-9 levels were significantly decreased after treatment, suggesting that Th9/IL-9 may be involved in immune response induced by Echinococcus granulosus infection.

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“…Data obtained in E. granulosus experimental infection supported the hypothesis that early IL-10, secreted by B cells in response to nonproteic antigens, may favor parasite-survival and the establishment of a polarized type-2 cytokine response [84]. Recent findings suggested that IL-4/IL-10 impairs the Th1 protective response and allows the parasite to survive in hydatid patients [85]. Experimental studies in mice supported the possible local immunosuppression mediated by IL-10 and TGF- β as possible mechanism that helps the parasite in escaping the host cell-mediated response [86].…”

Section: E Granulosus and Cytokine Inductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Host-Parasite Relationship in Cystic Echinococcosis: An Evolving Story

Siracusano

Delunardo

Teggi

et al. 2012

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

116

101

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The larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis, a neglected infectious disease that constitutes a major public health problem in developing countries. Despite being under constant barrage by the immune system, E. granulosus modulates antiparasite immune responses and persists in the human hosts with detectable humoral and cellular responses against the parasite. In vitro and in vivo immunological approaches, together with molecular biology and immunoproteomic technologies, provided us exciting insights into the mechanisms involved in the initiation of E. granulosus infection and the consequent induction and regulation of the immune response. Although the last decade has clarified many aspects of host-parasite relationship in human cystic echinococcosis, establishing the full mechanisms that cause the disease requires more studies. Here, we review some of the recent developments and discuss new avenues in this evolving story of E. granulosus infection in man.

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Involvement of IL-10 and IL-4 in evasion strategies of Echinococcus granulosus to host immune response

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Cystic Echinococcosis: Aspects of Immune Response, Immunopathogenesis and Immune Evasion from the Human Host

Cystic Echinococcosis: Aspects of Immune Response, Immunopathogenesis and Immune Evasion from the Human Host

Th9/IL-9 Profile in Human Echinococcosis: Their Involvement in Immune Response during Infection byEchinococcus granulosus

Host-Parasite Relationship in Cystic Echinococcosis: An Evolving Story

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