Involvement of complement and fibronectin in eosinophil‐mediated damage to <i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis </i>larvae

Shin, Eun‐Hee; Osada, Yoshio; Sagara, Hironori; Takatsu, Kiyoshi; Kojima, Satoshi

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3024.2001.00352.x

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Although the role of antibody and other serum components cannot be ruled out, it seems very likely that the presence of complement in the culture was essential for maximum adherence and immobilisation of larvae by eosinophils supporting the findings of Rainbird et al [9]. Similar in vitro findings were also reported in the study with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in mice [13]. Moreover, by using Strongyloides stercoralis L3 in diffusion chambers implanted in immunised mice, Rotman et al [11] have demonstrated that the majority of the cells recruited towards the larvae are eosinophils and maximal cell number coincides with parasite killing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

In vitro pre-exposure ofHaemonchus contortusL3 to blood eosinophils reduces their establishment potential in sheep

et al. 2007

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-Different authors have reported that eosinophils are capable of immobilising infective larvae of different species of nematodes in vitro. However, classifying larvae as mobile or immobile is so subjective that it does not always mean all apparently immobile larvae are dead or those that are mobile are capable of surviving further immune responses if administered to their natural hosts. The objective of this experimental study was therefore to substantiate the role of eosinophils in the killing of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae by comparing the infectivity in sheep of larvae that had been incubated with eosinophil-enriched cell suspensions with control larvae. Since it was not possible to isolate pure eosinophils from sheep blood, we were compelled to evaluate the effects of other blood cells contaminating our eosinophil-enriched suspensions. Although eosinophils and neutrophils were the only cells found adherent to H. contortus infective larvae in vitro, induced eosinophils in the presence of immune serum were primarily responsible for the drastic reduction in larval motility compared to the minor effects of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Corresponding reductions in faecal egg count and worm numbers were observed when the incubated larvae were transferred intra-abomasally to sheep. Interestingly, the proportion of larvae that failed to establish was much higher following incubation with induced eosinophils compared with other cells or with immune serum alone. Although this study did not address the in vivo role of eosinophils in sheep, the results strongly indicate that sheep blood eosinophils have a larval killing potential in vitro, and a larval mobility test alone may not fully explain the level of damage inflicted on the larvae.Haemonchus contortus / eosinophils / in vitro / intra-abomasal / sheep

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

In vitro pre-exposure ofHaemonchus contortusL3 to blood eosinophils reduces their establishment potential in sheep

et al. 2007

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“…In vitro studies have demonstrated that the serum components complement and fibronectin are required for eosinophil binding and degranulation resulting in the killing of N. brasiliensis larvae (58). Complement component C3 has been shown to be required for innate immunity to S. stercoralis (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Eosinophils and Neutrophils in Innate and Adaptive Protective Immunity to LarvalStrongyloides stercoralisin Mice

et al. 2006

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The goal of this study was to determine the roles of eosinophils and neutrophils in innate and adaptive protective immunity to larval Strongyloides stercoralis in mice. The experimental approach used was to treat mice with an anti-CCR3 monoclonal antibody to eliminate eosinophils or to use CXCR2 ؊/؊ mice, which have a severe neutrophil recruitment defect, and then determine the effect of the reduction or elimination of the particular cell type on larval killing. It was determined that eosinophils killed the S. stercoralis larvae in naïve mice, whereas these cells were not required for the accelerated killing of larvae in immunized mice. Experiments using CXCR2؊/؊ mice demonstrated that the reduction in recruitment of neutrophils resulted in significantly reduced innate and adaptive protective immunity. Protective antibody developed in the immunized CXCR2 ؊/؊ mice, thereby demonstrating that neutrophils were not required for the induction of the adaptive protective immune response. Moreover, transfer of neutrophil-enriched cell populations recovered from either wild-type or CXCR2؊/؊ mice into diffusion chambers containing larvae demonstrated that larval killing occurred with both cell populations when the diffusion chambers were implanted in immunized wild-type mice.

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“…In place of antibody, other ligands have been proposed for eosinophil binding to the targets. Eosinophil binding to the larvae of N. brasiliensis was blocked with MAb to CD11b or VLA-4, suggesting that the binding was dependent on their ligands complement and fibronectin (51). Fibronectin has also been found on the surface of O. volvulus L3, which was shown to interact with activated human eosinophils (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin E and Eosinophil-Dependent Protective Immunity to LarvalOnchocerca volvulusin Mice Immunized with Irradiated Larvae

et al. 2004

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Mice immunized with irradiated Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae developed protective immunity. Eosinophil levels were elevated in the parasite microenvironment at the time of larval killing, and measurements of total serum antibody levels revealed an increase in the immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in immunized mice. The goal of the present study was to identify the role of granulocytes and antibodies in the protective immune response to the larval stages of O. volvulus in mice immunized with irradiated larvae. Immunity did not develop in mice if granulocytes, including both neutrophils and eosinophils, were eliminated, nor did it develop if only eosinophils were eliminated. Moreover, larvae were killed in naïve interleukin-5 transgenic mice, and the killing coincided with an increase in the number of eosinophils and the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) level in the animals. To determine if EPO was required for protective immunity, mice that were genetically deficient in EPO were immunized, and there were no differences in the rates of parasite recovery in EPO-deficient mice and wild-type mice. Two mouse strains were used to study B-cell function; MT mice lacked all mature B cells, and Xid mice had deficiencies in the B-1 cell population. Immunity did not develop in the MT mice but did develop in the Xid mice. Finally, protective immunity was abolished in mice treated to eliminate IgE from the blood. We therefore concluded that IgE and eosinophils are required for adaptive protective immunity to larval O. volvulus in mice.Infection of humans with the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus results in a spectrum of disease states ranging from mild to hyperreactive disease. In addition, there are individuals who are considered immunologically resistant to the infection, based on the fact that they live in an endemic area and are free of infection and disease. Individual immune responses appear to be responsible for the different disease states, and roles have been attributed to Th1 cells, Th2 cells, antibodies, and granulocytes in the different disease presentations (24). Specific mechanisms of protective immunity have been identified in vitro with human cells and serum, and it has been shown that eosinophils and neutrophils adhere to and kill larval O. volvulus in the presence of serum or complement (9,27,41).O. volvulus has a very limited host range, infecting only humans and chimpanzees; therefore, other animal models have been utilized to study immunity to this infection. It has been observed that cattle immunized with irradiated Onchocerca ochengi third-stage larvae (L3) were protected against challenge infection, based on greatly reduced burdens of adult worms in the immunized animals (1). In order to generate a more practical way to study immunity to the larval stages of O. volvulus, a mouse model was developed. L3 were implanted subcutaneously in diffusion chambers to allow efficient recovery of parasites and to permit analysis of the parasite's microenvironment. Larvae survived and grew at the same rate when they ...

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Involvement of complement and fibronectin in eosinophil‐mediated damage to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis larvae

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

In vitro pre-exposure ofHaemonchus contortusL3 to blood eosinophils reduces their establishment potential in sheep

In vitro pre-exposure ofHaemonchus contortusL3 to blood eosinophils reduces their establishment potential in sheep

Role of Eosinophils and Neutrophils in Innate and Adaptive Protective Immunity to LarvalStrongyloides stercoralisin Mice

Immunoglobulin E and Eosinophil-Dependent Protective Immunity to LarvalOnchocerca volvulusin Mice Immunized with Irradiated Larvae

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