Involvement of African men and transgender women who have sex with men in HIV research: progress, but much more must be done

Factors Associated With Condom Failure in a Longitudinal Cohort of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria

“…The strengths of the study include large sample size, longitudinal design, partnership with trusted community organizations and the inclusion of TGW, and nonbinary and other gender identities that are historically underrepresented or conflated with MSM. 53 , 54 Many of the differences seen in our study population were driven by cisgender MSM who contributed the majority of participants; whereas some similar trends were observed among TGW and participants with nonbinary or other gender identity, relatively lower sample sizes in these groups limited our power to observe statistically significant effects. Questions about condom failures were restricted to the month before each study visit partially to reduce the potential for recall bias, but this limited generalizability to more distant behaviors and condom failure patterns.…”

Inclusion as illusion: erasing transgender women in research with MSM

“…We were excited to the see the publication of the JIAS Supplement entitled, "Engagement of African men and transgender women who have sex with men in HIV research. " We agree with the supplement editors that attention to these populations are long overdue [1]. The title of the supplement suggested that African transgender women would be highlighted in this special issue; and we were eager to read studies about this highly under-served and under-studied population.…”

High-risk behaviors and factors for HIV and sexually transmitted infections among transgender people in Gaborone, Botswana: results from a national survey

“…In addition to the individual risk factors, transgender people face significant barriers to HIV services. These include discriminatory policies, healthcare systems sigma and criminalization [ 8 , 9 ]. Botswana has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world and is second only to Swaziland in this regard [ 10 ].…”