High-risk behaviors and factors for HIV and sexually transmitted infections among transgender people in Gaborone, Botswana: results from a national survey

Siamisang, Keatlaretse; Nkomo, Bornapate; Kusi, Kemmonye; Kanyenvu, Dorcus; Molefi, Mooketsi

doi:10.11604/pamj.2022.41.128.32430

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…HIV infection poses a serious risk to transgender people, particularly TGW. Unprotected sex, sex work, and the use of infected needles for illegal hormone injections have all been related to the elevated risk ( 14 ). Transgender people's career alternatives are also restricted due to legal marginalization, which forces them into sex work.…”

Section: Transgender Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Key populations and Sub-Saharan Africa's HIV response

Moyo¹,

Moyo²,

Murewanhema

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Section: Transgender Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Key populations and Sub-Saharan Africa's HIV response

Moyo¹,

Moyo²,

Murewanhema

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…These statistics highlight the importance of understanding and addressing the vulnerability to HIV-related morbidity and mortality SGM in SSA face. Robust HIV prevalence estimates among women who have sex with women (WSW) and transgender men (TGM) in SSA are severely limited6–9; however, findings on the prevalence of HIV10 11 and HIV risk behaviours11 12 within these populations globally support the need for investigating the risks of HIV infection and barriers to HIV prevention and care services among WSW and TGM as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scoping review of HIV-related intersectional stigma among sexual and gender minorities in sub-Saharan Africa

Dada,

Abu-Ba’are,

Turner

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesSexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are disproportionately impacted by HIV and often face multiple HIV-related stigmas. Addressing these stigmas could reduce SGM HIV vulnerability but little is known about how the stigmas operate and intersect. Intersectional stigma offers a lens for understanding the experiences of stigmatised populations and refers to the synergistic negative health effects of various systems of oppression on individuals with multiple stigmatised identities, behaviours or conditions. This review aims to (1) assess how often and in what ways an intersectional lens is applied in HIV-related stigma research on SGM populations in SSA and (2) understand how intersectional stigma impacts HIV risk in these populations.DesignScoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews.Data sourcesPublic health and regional databases were searched in 2020 and 2022.Eligibility criteriaArticles in French and English on HIV-related stigma and HIV outcomes among men who have sex with men, women who have sex with women and/or transgender individuals in SSA.Data extraction and synthesisArticles were screened and extracted twice and categorised by use of an intersectional approach. Study designs and stigma types were described quantitatively and findings on intersectional stigma were thematically analysed.ResultsOf 173 articles on HIV-related stigma among SGM in SSA included in this review, 21 articles (12%) applied an intersectional lens. The most common intersectional stigmas investigated were HIV and same-sex attraction/behaviour stigma and HIV, same-sex attraction/behaviour and gender non-conformity stigma. Intersectional stigma drivers, facilitators and manifestations were identified across individual, interpersonal, institutional and societal socioecological levels. Intersectional stigma impacts HIV vulnerability by reducing HIV prevention and treatment service uptake, worsening mental health and increasing exposure to HIV risk factors.ConclusionIntersectional approaches are gaining traction in stigma research among SGM in SSA. Future research should prioritise quantitative and mixed methods investigations, diverse populations and intervention evaluation.

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“…Botswana is a Southern African country with a high burden of both HIV and TB [ 7 – 9 ]. This possibly affirms that HIV infection is the most important risk factor for TB infection and disease [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric tuberculosis outcomes and factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in Botswana, 2008–2019: a retrospective analysis

et al. 2022

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Introduction Globally, the amount of research on the outcomes of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is disproportionately less than that of adult TB. The diagnosis of paediatric TB is also problematic in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes of pediatric TB in Botswana and to identify the factors associated with unfavorable outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of pediatric TB outcomes in Botswana, over a 12-year period from January 2008 to December 2019. Treatment success (treatment completion or cured) was considered a favorable outcome, while death, loss to follow-up and treatment failure were considered unfavorable outcomes. Program data from drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) cases under the age of 15 years were included. Sampling was exhaustive. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with unfavorable outcomes during TB treatment. A p value of < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association between the predictor variables and unfavorable outcomes. Results The data of 6,004 paediatric TB cases were extracted from the Botswana National TB Program (BNTP) electronic registry and analyzed. Of these data, 2,948 (49.4%) were of female patients. Of the extracted data, 1,366 (22.8%) were of HIV positive patients and 2,966 (49.4%) were of HIV negative patients. The rest of the data were of patients with unknown HIV status. Pulmonary TB accounted for 4,701 (78.3%) of the cases. Overall, 5,591 (93.1%) of the paediatric TB patient data showed treatment success, 179 (3.0%) were lost to follow-up, 203 (3.4%) records were of patients who died, and 31 (0.5%) were of patients who experienced treatment failure. The factors associated with unfavorable outcomes were positive HIV status (AOR 2.71, 95% CI: 2.09–3.52), unknown HIV status (AOR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.60–2.69) and retreatment category (AOR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.30–2.85). Compared with the 0–4 years age category, the 5–9 years (AOR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47–0.82) and 10–14 years (AOR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.98) age categories were less likely to experience the unfavorable outcomes. Conclusion This study shows a high treatment success rate among paediatric TB cases in Botswana. The government under the National TB Program should maintain and consolidate the gains from this program. Public health interventions should particularly target children with a positive or unknown HIV status, those under 5 years, and those who have been previously treated for TB.

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High-risk behaviors and factors for HIV and sexually transmitted infections among transgender people in Gaborone, Botswana: results from a national survey

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Key populations and Sub-Saharan Africa's HIV response

Key populations and Sub-Saharan Africa's HIV response

Scoping review of HIV-related intersectional stigma among sexual and gender minorities in sub-Saharan Africa

Pediatric tuberculosis outcomes and factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in Botswana, 2008–2019: a retrospective analysis

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