Investigations on vapor cloud explosion hazards and critical safe reserves of LPG tanks

Hu, Qianran; Qian, Xinming; Shen, Xingyu; Zhang, Qi; Ma, Chenhui; Pang, Lei; He, Feng; Yuan, Mengqi

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104904

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Having a density 1.5-2 times the air's density, LPG will easily spread and diffuse in air creating a larger flammable cloud which could get worse when encountering an ignitor. The concept of BLEVE was first conceptualized by Smith of the National Fire Protection Association which stated that when the liquid's temperature exceeds its boiling point at atmospheric pressure, the liquid-holding vessel immediately ruptures into two or more pieces [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Explosion Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and hazard operability analysis of liquefied petroleum gas plant: A case study

Diab,

Hassan,

Awad

et al. 2024

International Journal of Industry and Sustainable Development

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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of hydrocarbons essentially propane and butane. It has recently emerged as a sustainable and alternative fuel source to other conventional fossil fuels in several sectors such as residential, industrial, commercial and transportation. The environmental impact is seen as a positive influence as it reduces black carbon emissions by releasing less greenhouse gases as it undergoes combustion. In this study, a general overview about LPG was offered and the data required for simulating a flowsheet for LPG production was obtained from an LPG plant. Mass balance and energy balance were calculated manually and compared with those of the simulation performed by ASPEN HYSYS 12.0 using Peng-Robinson fluid package. A hazard and operability study for the equipment was carried out as well as their spacing to emphasize their importance on how they shape the safe feasibility of plant construction. It was found that 2209 kg/h of feed gas was mainly converted to 836.90 kg/h of sales gas and 1322 kg/h of LPG. By comparing manual calculations with HYSYS results, the duty for heat exchanger 2 was 55361.17 kJ/h, with error percentage of 3.90%. The sales gas temperature was 318.53 K with 1.42% deviation. Debutanizer condenser and reboiler duties were 892640.20 kJ/h and 746416.30 kJ/h, with deviations of 4.25% and 3.49% respectively. The hazard and operability studies and spacing showed that all the equipment must be positioned at safe distances apart from each other and they require the installation of alarms, sensors, and controllers to ensure a proper and safe production process.

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Section: Explosion Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and hazard operability analysis of liquefied petroleum gas plant: A case study

Diab,

Hassan,

Awad

et al. 2024

International Journal of Industry and Sustainable Development

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show abstract

“…These characteristics affect the propagation range of the shock wave, which is reflected in the variation of overpressure with distance [7]. LPG expansion near the ground occurs along the gaps between structural congestions, while continuous large-scale congestion has a significant enhancement effect on LPG expansion and concentration accumulation [8]. LPG tanks are exposed to fires for research to support the prevention of catastrophic scenarios [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Process and Damage Evaluation Subject to Explosion Consequences Resulting from a LPG Tank Trailer Accident

et al. 2023

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The involvement of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is highly combustible and explosive, greatly increases risk in road transport. A 3D numerical model was conducted in FLACS, which depicts the dynamic process and variation of combined effects along the multi-directions of LPG explosion under an actual case. With the simulation of scenarios, power-law explosion and fireball models were used to reproduce the results, and the dynamic evolution of specific parameters during the LPG explosion process was analyzed. The results reveal that the LPG explosion’s expansion around the expressway moved along the spaces between obstacles, while conditions at the site of the accident had an enhancement effect on LPG/air mixture accumulation. The propagation trajectory of the shock wave in the horizontal direction presented a regular circle within 623.73 ms, and the overpressure was enough to lead to extensive damage to surrounding structures. Further, shock wave-driven overpressure brought hazards to buildings further afield with multiple peak values. The influence of the LPG explosive fireball evolution is significantly reflected in the injury range of the heat flux; the maximum diameter of the on-site fireball eventually extended to 148.19 m. In addition, the physical effect indicated that the turbulence intensity induced by the surrounding buildings in the accident site significantly promoted the interaction between the shock wave and flame propagation. This research proposes a detailed analysis of damage coupling characteristics caused by an LPG tank trailer explosion integrated with a FLACS-mirrored model, which are useful for blast-resistant design and disposal planning under similar accidental circumstances.

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Calorimeter-based experimental analysis and safety recommendations for ABS powder with thermally hazardous properties

Liao,

Shu

2024

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Investigations on vapor cloud explosion hazards and critical safe reserves of LPG tanks

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Simulation and hazard operability analysis of liquefied petroleum gas plant: A case study

Simulation and hazard operability analysis of liquefied petroleum gas plant: A case study

Dynamic Process and Damage Evaluation Subject to Explosion Consequences Resulting from a LPG Tank Trailer Accident

Calorimeter-based experimental analysis and safety recommendations for ABS powder with thermally hazardous properties

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