Investigations on the element dependency of sputtering process in the electrolyte cathode atmospheric discharge

Cserfalvi, T.; Mezei, P.

doi:10.1039/b504610f

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It was observed that the values of the concentrations were higher in the case of the calcula tions for the air when compared to the water vapor. The presence of such particles at high concentrations explained the high oxidative activity of the plasma of The calculations also showed that the concentra tion of the excited sodium atoms in the gas phase was about 10 10 cm -3 , which is sufficient for the resonance line of the sodium atom to occur in the spectrum [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Numerical simulation of the gas phase composition in a glow discharge with an electrolyte cathode

Sirotkin

Khlyustova

Maksimov

2014

Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem.

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The results of the numerical analysis of the gas phase composition in a system of a glow discharge with an electrolyte cathode are presented. The transfer of the dissolved substance from the solution into the gas phase has been taken into account. The obtained results show that H 2 O + is the main positive ion and the concentration of the excited Na atoms in the plasma zone is sufficient for the resonance spectral line of the metal atom to appear.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Numerical simulation of the gas phase composition in a glow discharge with an electrolyte cathode

Sirotkin

Khlyustova

Maksimov

2014

Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem.

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“…As can be seen in the Table 2, the maximum energy of excited states of species was up to 13 eV. The presence of magnesium atoms (or ions) in the plasma zone can be attributed to plasma sputtering of the water surface, similarly to the plasma sputtering processes in low pressure glow discharge, according to [18,19]. Generally, emission intensities of atomic and ionic Mg lines decreased with lowering concentration of HCl in solution.…”

Section: Emission Spectra Of Atmospheric Pressure DC Glow Dischargementioning

confidence: 80%

“…Recently, APGD plasmas with various liquid electrodes have been studied at different currents and distances from the liquid electrode [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], while the other plasma generation parameters were faintly investigated. Nevertheless, the phenomena of glow discharge generated at atmospheric pressure are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Characterization of Miniaturized Atmospheric-Pressure dc Glow Discharge Generated in Contact with Flowing Small Size Liquid Cathode

Jamróz

Żyrnicki

2011

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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The miniaturized atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) generated between a solid electrode and a flowing small size liquid cathode (dimension 2 mm) was investigated here using optical emission spectroscopy. The discharge was studied in an open air atmosphere, and the spectral characteristics of the plasma source was examined. Analysed APGD was operated at a discharge voltage of 1,100-1,700 V, a discharge current of 20 mA and gaps between a solid anode and a liquid cathode in the range from 0.5 to 3.5 mm. The emission intensities of the main species were measured as a function of various experimental conditions, including the solution flow rate, the gap between the electrodes, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid. The excitation temperature, the vibrational temperatures calculated from N 2 , OH, and NO bands, and the rotational temperatures determined from band of OH, N 2 and NO, were found to be dependent on these experimental parameters. The electron number density was determined from the Stark broadening of H b line. Additionally, the ionization temperature and degree were calculated using the Saha-Boltzmann equation, with the ion to atom ratio for magnesium (MgII/MgI). The results demonstrated that T exc (H), T vib (N 2 ), T vib (OH), T vib (NO) and T rot (OH) were well comparable (*3,800-4,200 K) for selected plasma generation conditions (gap C2.5 mm, HCl concentration C0.1 mol L -1 ), while the rotational temperatures determined from band of N 2 (*1,700-2,100 K) and band of NO (*3,000 K) were considerably lower. The electron number density was evaluated to be (3.4-6.8) 9 10 20 m -3 and the ionization temperature varied, throughout in the 4,900-5,200 K range.

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“…Therefore, it is not surprising that alternative sample introduction techniques are being developed, e.g., ultrasonic nebulization (USN) [2][3][4][5], hydride generation (HG) [5][6][7][8], and photochemical vapor generation (PVG) [8][9][10]. Relatively new approaches, based on electric discharge phenomena, are also increasingly appreciated, including dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) [11], electrolyte-as-cathode glow discharge (ELCAD) [12], and other ELCAD-derived microplasmas, e.g., solution cathode glow discharge (SCGD) [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanging drop cathode-atmospheric pressure glow discharge as a new method of sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

et al. 2020

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This work reports the use of hanging drop cathode-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (HDC-APGD) as a new method of sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The developed arrangement was characterized by a low sample uptake (0.56 mL min−1) and the fact that the entire sample solution volume was consumed by the discharge. This resulted in a very high transport efficiency of analytes from the sample solution into the ICP torch (usually > 80%). Under the optimal operating conditions of HDC-APGD, intensities of emission lines of studied elements were, on average, 2 times higher as compared to those obtained with conventional pneumatic nebulization (PN). Moreover, in the case of I and Y, the observed signal enhancements were even higher, i.e., 6.2 and 6.1 times, respectively. It was also shown that in the case of B and some elements that are known to form different volatile species (Ag, Bi, Cd, Hg, Os, Pb, and Se), the presence of low molecular weight organic compounds in the sample solution, i.e., CH3OH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH, or HCHO, resulted in the additional enhancement of their signals. It was especially evident in the case of Hg for which a 8.6-fold signal enhancement in the presence of HCOOH was noticed. The system presented herein was distinguished from other competitive APGD-type discharges because it could be successfully used for the determination of a vast group of elements, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and non-metals.

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Investigations on the element dependency of sputtering process in the electrolyte cathode atmospheric discharge

Cited by 50 publications

References 15 publications

Numerical simulation of the gas phase composition in a glow discharge with an electrolyte cathode

Numerical simulation of the gas phase composition in a glow discharge with an electrolyte cathode

Spectroscopic Characterization of Miniaturized Atmospheric-Pressure dc Glow Discharge Generated in Contact with Flowing Small Size Liquid Cathode

Hanging drop cathode-atmospheric pressure glow discharge as a new method of sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

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