Investigations on All-Optical Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary Code Converters Using 2D Photonic Crystals

Anagha, E. G.; Jeyachitra, R. K.

doi:10.1109/jqe.2021.3115813

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…159 AO-binary-togray and gray-to-binary code converters were realized using linear interference effect in 2D photonic crystals to achieve good CR and low response time at 1550 nm. 160 AO-code converter based on SOA-MZI was used to perform binary-to-gray, BCD-to-gray, and octal-to-binary conversions at 500 Gbps. 161 AO-parity checker and generator circuits are realized using AO-XOR/NOT gates for error correction and detection applications in computing and communication systems.…”

Section: Ao-combinational Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on all-optical logic gates: design techniques and classifications – heading toward high-speed optical integrated circuits

Anagha

Jeyachitra

2022

Opt. Eng.

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All-optical logic gates (AO-LGs) are the key elements that play a pivotal role in the development of future all-optical networks and all-optical computing. A complete overview of the seven all-optical logic gates (i.e., AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR, NAND, and NOR) based on their design techniques and applications are covered, including the latest technologies, such as topological photonics and artificial intelligence-based designs techniques. In addition, we have further categorized the AO-LGs as reconfigurable gates, simultaneous gates, reversible gates, modulation-based gates, and data rate-based gates. The techniques to implement these different classes of gates are reviewed and their limitations are discussed. We also discuss in brief the various simulation tools used to design and analyze the AO-LGs. Finally, the most feasible techniques for constructing optical integrated circuits based on the existing fabrication technologies and available resources are explored, and future prospects are outlined.

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Section: Ao-combinational Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on all-optical logic gates: design techniques and classifications – heading toward high-speed optical integrated circuits

Anagha

Jeyachitra

2022

Opt. Eng.

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“…To meet the increasing demand for high-speed communications, researchers are replacing traditional electrical components with optical switching components, utilizing fundamental building blocks such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and XNOR logic gates. A variety of devices, including the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) [1], Micro-ring Resonator (MRR) [2], Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) [3], Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [4], Photonic Crystal Waveguide (PCW) [5], and Directional Coupler [6][7][8][9][10][11], are available for constructing All-optical logic gates and switches. Photonic switching involves manipulating optical signals between different modes, relying on the intensity-dependent dynamics of the optical beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing XPM effects in non-linear directional couplers for 4-bit gray code conversion and even parity verification

Yadav,

Kumar,

Prakash

2024

Journal of Electrical Engineering

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The all-optical switching phenomena in the non-linear directional coupler using cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect have been proposed. It is designed to generate an all-optical XOR functionality, considering the XOR logic gates as a basic module the design and analysis of an efficient all-optical 4-bit binary to gray code converter and 4-bit even parity checker circuit is proposed. The design methodology includes the switching of a weak continuous-wave (CW) signal, which is controlled by the combination of two controlled pump signals. In this paper, mathematical analysis of the coupled mode theory associated with optical directional couplers has been discussed. The switching characteristics of XPM effect based All-optical directional couplers have been examined for appropriate values of the controlled pump signals. Appropriate values of extinction ratio and corresponding controlled pump signal levels are investigated for an efficient generation of XOR logic gates. Further, the detailed analysis of layout generation and design aspects of All-optical 4-bit binary to gray code converter and 4-bit even parity checker circuits have been carried out. The proposed methodology is verified by the appropriate simulation results, which include the transmittivity, extinction ratio (Xratio) curve variation and dynamic time domain plot associated with proposed units.

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“…A photonic crystal (PhC) is an optical nanostructure made of well-ordered arrays of holes to confine and control the photon motion and strongly alter the dispersion relationship. [1][2][3] In contrast, the conventional designs based on the nonlinearity of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) are very attractive due to their strong nonlinearity, compactness, power efficiency, and integration possibility with different optoelectronic devices. Hence, combining the unique characteristics of SOA with novel PhC material justifies the use of PhC-SOA as a nonlinear element for designing all-optical devices for high-speed applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and analysis of Tbps all-optical gray code converter using photonic crystal-semiconductor optical amplifier-Mach–Zehnder interferometric structure

Caroline¹,

Michael²,

Nizar³

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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Future communication networks require the entire communication system to be all-optical to overcome the bandwidth constraints of electronics. All-optical devices play a vital role in supporting future networks, which demand a high speed of up to Tbps. An all-optical gray code converter operation was demonstrated numerically using a photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier (PhC-SOA) in a Mach-Zehnder interferometric (MZI) configuration at 1 Tbps for M-ary differential phase shift keying modulated binary and BCD inputs. The design achieved a very high extinction ratio of about 123.8 dB with a good quality factor value of about 45. The results show that PhC-SOA-based XOR and OR gates in the gray code converter design exhibits improved modulation features compared with traditional SOAs in our previous works.

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Investigations on All-Optical Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary Code Converters Using 2D Photonic Crystals

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Review on all-optical logic gates: design techniques and classifications – heading toward high-speed optical integrated circuits

Review on all-optical logic gates: design techniques and classifications – heading toward high-speed optical integrated circuits

Harnessing XPM effects in non-linear directional couplers for 4-bit gray code conversion and even parity verification

Design and analysis of Tbps all-optical gray code converter using photonic crystal-semiconductor optical amplifier-Mach–Zehnder interferometric structure

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