Investigations of transesterification in PC/PBT melt blends and the proof of immiscibility of PC and PBT at completely suppressed transesterification

Pompe, G.; Häußler, Liane

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19970930)35:13<2161::aid-polb16>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 52 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Additionally these parameters have an interaction. On this basis, Pompe and coworkers 12,31 by the compatibilisation of both components by a small, virtually undetectable copolymer content. They also concluded that the transesterification is at first faster than the reaction between the stabiliser and the residual catalyst.…”

Section: The Transesterification Reaction Between Pc and Pbtmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The main process is that of direct transesterification. 24,31 As a consequence of this, copolymers act as compatibilisers in these blends, making it difficult to characterise the inherent miscibility of PC and PBT in melt blends. Delimoy et al 44 reported that IR spectroscopy and NMR gave a very coherent picture of the PC-PBT copolyester structure that resulted from an exchange reaction of the aliphatic ester sequences and the aromatic carbonate sequences.…”

Section: The Transesterification Reaction Between Pc and Pbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transesterification process can be suppressed by added stabilisers, 25,44 but complete suppression cannot be proven. 12,31 The problem is that the analytical detection of a very small, in situ formed copolymer content is limited by the sensitivity of methods such as NMR and FTIR, 12,31,35 which is reported to be restricted to copolymer concentrations above 1 mol%. 44 Even very low contents of block copolymers are known to influence the morphology of immiscible blends.…”

Section: The Transesterification Reaction Between Pc and Pbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 Even very low contents of block copolymers are known to influence the morphology of immiscible blends. 31,44 Furthermore, a correct estimation of the copolymer content is impossible, because the transesterification is influenced by many parameters. Additionally these parameters have an interaction.…”

Section: The Transesterification Reaction Between Pc and Pbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer blends: the PC–PBT case

Santos

Guthrie

2006

J. Mater. Chem.

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Binary polymer alloys represent a fast growing sector of the plastics industry. They can result in new materials exhibiting high degrees of synergism in behaviour and/or materials with optimal cost/performance. >Please check the proof of your paper carefully. Your proof will not be read in detail by staff after you have returned it to us. It is your responsibility to ensure that the proof has been read carefully. Translation errors between word-processor files and typesetting systems can occur so the whole proof needs to be read even if an electronic file has been supplied. Please pay particular attention to: tabulated material (this may have been rekeyed); equations; numerical data; figures and graphics; and references. If you have not already indicated the corresponding author(s) please mark their name(s) with an asterisk. Please fax or e-mail your corrections to us. When returning the proof by fax please also include a list detailing the corrections to be made. If responding by e-mail please send only a list of corrections -do not make any changes directly to the pdf file.This proof reflects the content and general style of the paper without the stylistic complexity of the final printed page; however, the only differences should be minor layout changes such as different line breaks, tables being double column instead of single column and improvements in graphic placement.We will endeavour to publish the article electronically on the RSC web site as soon as possible after we receive your corrections. NB: No late corrections can be made hence please ensure that only your final corrections are notified to us.Please return your final corrections, where possible within 48 hours of receipt, to:Serials Production, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Tel: +44 (0)1223 432345; Fax: +44 (0)1223 432160; E-mail: proofs@rsc.org Reprints -Electronic (PDF) reprints will be provided free of charge to the corresponding author. Enquiries about purchasing paper reprints should be addressed to: Production Operations Department (prodops@rsc.org). Costs for reprints are below: = An example of commercially important binary polymer blends is that of PC-PBT composites. The current knowledge of the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of these blends is reviewed and updated in the light of interpretations based on Lewis acid-base intermolecular interactions, as quantified by inverse gas chromatography, carried out under infinite dilution conditions. Reprint costs

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Section: The Transesterification Reaction Between Pc and Pbtmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Transesterification Reaction Between Pc and Pbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Transesterification Reaction Between Pc and Pbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Transesterification Reaction Between Pc and Pbtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer blends: the PC–PBT case

Santos

Guthrie

2006

J. Mater. Chem.

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“…In solution-cast blends immiscibility was found [28], while in the melt, partial miscibility has usually been observed [29,30]. It is known that transesterification takes place in the melt and that copolyesters formed by transesterification change the compatibility of PC and PBT [31].…”

Section: Polycarbonate/poly(butylene Terephthalate)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Transreactions on the Compatibility and Miscibility of Blends of Condensation Polymers

Xanthos¹,

Warth²

1999

Transreactions in Condensation Polymers

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Principles of blend compatibilisationFew polymers form truly miscible blends characterised by a single glass transition temperature (Tg) and homogeneity on a 5-10nm scale with domain sizes comparable to the dimension of a macromolecular statistical segment. The majority of blends are immiscible, i e . , possess a phase separated morphology. Blends of this type are often preferred over the miscible ones since they combine some of the important characteristics of both blend constituents. Blend composition, viscoelastic properties of the components, and interfacial adhesion are among the parameters known to control the size and morphology of the dispersed phase and its stability to coalescence. Heterogeneous blends of technological importance are termed "compatible" and they constitute the majority of the commercial blends introduced in the past 30 years. In such blends, often known also as alloys, satisfactory physical and mechanical properties are related to the presence of an interphase modified through compatibilisation and the formation of a fine dispersed morphology resistant to phase separation.Polymer compatibility, which may lead ultimately to complete thermodynamic miscibility, may be enhanced by various methods. In addition to cocrystallisation and cocrosslinking, strong interactions such as acidbase or ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding and transition metal complexation Transreactions in Condensation PolymersStoyho Fahirov copyright 0 WILEY-VCH Verlag GrnbH. 1999 412 M. Xanthos, H. Warth between suitably functionalised components, have been shown to improve compatibility. More commonly, compatibility is promoted through interfacially active copolymers (e.g., block, graft, random) with segments capable of specific interactions and/or chemical reactions with the blend components. The copolymers may be added separately, or formed in situ through chemical reactions, often catalysed by the addition of low molecular weight (MW) compounds. Reactive and non-reactive compatibilisation of polymer blends has been the subject of numerous reviews [l-71.During blending of a pair of suitably functionalised polymers A and B, interchain block, graft, or random copolymers may be formed at various concentrations through covalent or ionic bonding. According to Brown [3] , the following are five general types of chemical processes/reactions by which interchain copolymer formation has been achieved in extruder reactors: 1. Chain cleavage/recombination (main chain of A/main chain of B or 2. End-group of A/end-group of B; block. 3. End-group of A/pendant functionality of B; graft. 4. Covalent cross-linking: pendant functionality of Alpendant functionality of B or main chain of A/main chain of B; graft (crosslinked network). Ionic bond formation between A and B; usually graft (usually crosslinked).The compatibilisers formed in situ have segments that are chemically identical to those in the respective unreacted homopolymers and are thought to be located preferentially at the interface, thus lowering interfacial tension, and also promo...

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