INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF ELECTRODEPOSITED NiP-ALLOYS BY IN SITU ELECTRON DIFFRACTION

Pittermann, Udo; Ripper, Sigrid

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-86939-5.50096-8

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This apparatus, its electron diffraction system and the technique of pattern registration were described in detail in [12]. For the purpose of cold condensation we used a special sample holder (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of cold condensed lead chloride (PbCl₂)

Zuber

Weil

1994

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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When lead chloride is deposited onto substrates at temperatures below 150 K, a non‐crystalline film is formed. This material crystallizes at temperatures above 260 K, as could be demonstrated by UV‐VIS‐spectroscopy. In order to determine whether or not the deposited material consists of extremely small crystals with a high degree of disorder or of a genuine amorphous phase, it was investigated by electron diffraction. We describe the procedure which we applied for the determination of the elastically scattered intensity as a function of the scattering vector. From this function, the reduced radial distribution function was determined. The results were compared with those reported about crystalline and molten lead chloride. The short range order in the cold condensed material is different from that in the crystal and that in the melt. Hence, cold condensation of lead chloride leads to the formation of an ionic glass.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of cold condensed lead chloride (PbCl₂)

Zuber

Weil

1994

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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“…Ni-P compounds are interesting for the surface finishing of industrial materials due to their excellent microhardness, corrosion resistance, electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and special paramagnetic characteristics. Amorphous phases can be prepared by electroless deposition [16], electrodeposition [17,18] or rapid quenching of the melt [19,20]. In electrodeposition, Ni ions are reduced on a substrate acting as the cathode in a plating cell, while in electroless deposition, the Ni ions are reduced on the substrate surface by an autocatalytic reaction with hypophosphite ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics simulations of amorphous Ni–P alloy formation by rapid quenching and atomic deposition

Brüning¹,

Brown²,

Bera³

et al. 2020

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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A combined experimental and simulation study is carried out to compare the properties of amorphous Ni 100−x P x alloys obtained by electroless deposition and rapid melt-quenching. The onset of crystallization of experimental electroless deposited amorphous films is measured by differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Classical molecular dynamics simulations using Embedded Atom Model-based interactions are performed to obtain glassy Ni-P by melt-quenching the liquid with various quenching rates, as well as via low-energy chemical deposition to mimic experimental electroless deposition. It is shown that the deposited amorphous and glassy states display similar short-range order. The amorphous deposit corresponds to a glassy state obtained with a cooling rate of 10 9 K s −1 , indicating that deposition yields generally more relaxed amorphous structures. The appearance of phosphorus-enriched surface on the simulated deposited thin film, comparable to experimental observations, is discussed.

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“…Figure 6 shows that the indexed NBED patterns of Ni 3 P, Ni 12 P 5 , Ni Pittermann and Ripper using high energy electron diffraction confirmed the existence of a meta-stable Ni 5 P 2 or Ni 2:55 P structure prior to the formation of the stable Ni 3 P (P content between 15 and 25 at%). 20) Maeda found that higher Ni-P compounds such as Ni 5 P 4 and Ni 7 P 3 , in addition to Ni 3 P, exist in the films containing less than 12 at%. 21) This also confirmed that various Ni-P compounds formed in the EN-P UBM with a medium phosphorous content (15 at%) are due primarily to a step heat treatment.…”

Section: In-situ Tem Analysis During Step Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Behaviour of Electroless Ni-P UBM with Medium Phosphorous Induced by Single and Step Heat Treatment

et al. 2010

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This study examined the crystallization behavior of electroless Ni-P UBM with an medium phosphorous content ($15 at%) induced by a single and step heat treatment using in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different heat treatment processes affected the crystallization behavior of electroless Ni-P UBM. After single heat treatment at 300 C for 60 min, the electroless Ni-P UBM contained Ni and Ni 3 P. In addition to Ni and Ni 3 P, more complex Ni-P compounds, such as Ni 12 P 5 and Ni 5 P 2 formed in the electroless Ni-P UBM resulting from a step heat treatment at 150 C for 60 min followed by 300 C for 60 min.

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INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF ELECTRODEPOSITED NiP-ALLOYS BY IN SITU ELECTRON DIFFRACTION

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

The structure of cold condensed lead chloride (PbCl₂)

The structure of cold condensed lead chloride (PbCl₂)

Molecular dynamics simulations of amorphous Ni–P alloy formation by rapid quenching and atomic deposition

Crystallization Behaviour of Electroless Ni-P UBM with Medium Phosphorous Induced by Single and Step Heat Treatment

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INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF ELECTRODEPOSITED NiP-ALLOYS BY IN SITU ELECTRON DIFFRACTION

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

The structure of cold condensed lead chloride (PbCl2)

The structure of cold condensed lead chloride (PbCl2)

Molecular dynamics simulations of amorphous Ni–P alloy formation by rapid quenching and atomic deposition

Crystallization Behaviour of Electroless Ni-P UBM with Medium Phosphorous Induced by Single and Step Heat Treatment

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The structure of cold condensed lead chloride (PbCl₂)

The structure of cold condensed lead chloride (PbCl₂)