Crystallization Behaviour of Electroless Ni-P UBM with Medium Phosphorous Induced by Single and Step Heat Treatment

Abstract

This study examined the crystallization behavior of electroless Ni-P UBM with an medium phosphorous content ($15 at%) induced by a single and step heat treatment using in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different heat treatment processes affected the crystallization behavior of electroless Ni-P UBM. After single heat treatment at 300 C for 60 min, the electroless Ni-P UBM contained Ni and Ni 3 P. In addition to Ni and Ni 3 P, more complex Ni-P compounds, such as Ni 12 P 5 and Ni 5 P 2 formed in the electroless Ni-P UBM resulting from a step heat treatment at 150 C for 60 min followed by 300 C for 60 min.

Electrochemical Properties of PANI/CNTs Composites Modified by Oxygen Plasma

“…Meanwhile, along with the increasing of the modification time, the benzenoid rings absorption peak at 1487 cm -1 and quinonoid rings absorption peak at 1573 cm -1 shift to higher wave numbers. These results clearly show a strong interaction between PANI and CNTs [5].…”

Surface Characterizations of Fretting Fatigue Damage in Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6 Clamped Joints: The Beneficial Role of Ni–P Coatings

“…This suggests a disordered and non-crystalline structure for as-deposited Ni-P coatings on the Al 7075-T6 substrate. It has been confirmed by Kang et al [ 20 ] that, in Ni–P coatings, phosphorous is present in the crystal structure of Ni through solid solution, and a higher amount of phosphorous can depress the crystallization of the Ni–P deposition. The EDS analysis on the coating in this study confirmed the presence of phosphorous in a high amount of 11.9 wt %, confirming a non-crystalline structure for the Ni–P coating.…”