Investigations of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica

Abstract

Active ingredients of medicinal plants have been used to cure several human diseases. Azadirachta indica is one of the most versatile medicinal plants having a wide spectrum of biological activity due to the presence of large number of bioactive compounds. The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant efficiency and phytochemical screening of A. indica leaf extract using methanol as a solvent. A qualitative phytochemical screening was performed for the detection of various phytochemicals. Then, the quantitative determination of total phenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins was done and expressed in terms of gallic acid and rutin equivalent. Total phenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin content were found to be 85.9±4.0, 104.9±5.5 and 65.4±13.9 mg/g of plant extract, respectively. Also, the antibacterial activity was performed using six different bacterial strains: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 35659). It was found that the maximum zone of inhibition of 22±3 mm was shown against S. aureus using 700 µg plant extract. Similarly, the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of plant was also determined and it was found that maximum inhibition obtained was 71.23% when 500 µg plants extract was used.

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“…The result of Alpha-Amylase activity exhibited that 50 μl plant extract revealed the maximum inhibition activity of 75.01% proceeded by the reduction in inhibition activity in a lower concentration. 12 has discussed that the crude extract of Azadirachta indica consists of biochemical and phytochemical active compounds like nimbin and nimbidin azadirachtin, salanin, etc. which can be efficacious against multidrug-resistant pathogens.…”

Production and Investigation of the Antiseptic Properties of Soaps Made from the Barks, Seeds and Leaves Extracts of Neem Tree

“…This tree is frequently cultivated in the driest regions of tropical and subtropical countries. .It is known for its therapeutic and ethno medicinal values since prehistoric era [3,4]. In Nigeria, Neem tree is found growing mostly in the northern part of the country especially in states like Katsina, zamfara, Gombe, Adamawa, Sokoto and Kebbi, where the plant is sometimes found sprouting naturally on its own from scattered seeds or planted from nursery and nurtured into fully grown Neem tree.…”

“…For instance, those substances extracted from the seed oil have been found to exhibit antiinflammatory, anti-arthritis, anti-pyretic, antigastric ulcer, spermicidal, anti-fungal, antibacterial and diuretic activities, while those extracted from the Neem bark have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, anti-bacterial and anti-tumour activities. In addition, the compounds extracted from the Neem leaf have been found to exhibit anti-fungal activity [4,3,2] Substances that are active against certain diseases such leprosy, eye problem, intestinal worms, epitasis, chicken pox, piles, cancer, and so on [4,3,8] have also been discovered in the Neem parts.…”

“…Neem parts have also found application in the production of a wide range of personal care products which include skin care products (such as eczema cream, antiseptic cream and nail care products), hair care products (namely shampoo and hair oils), oral hygiene (toothpaste and Neem twigs), household products (soaps, insect repellants in spray or lotion) and candles [3,2].…”

Herbal formuLation of Azadirachta indica and Stevia rebaudiana and Its Anti-inflammatory and Anti-Diabetic Activity

“…In fact, the antioxidant activity of S. rebaudiana extract already showed to be effective in a dose-dependent manner. The mode of anti-inflammatory activity of phenolic compounds is believed to be associated with their scavenging capacity through the donation of hydrogen atoms [9,10]. Stevia rebaudiana reduces blood glucose, dental caries and prevents hypertension.…”