Investigations into electromagnetic emissions from power system arcs

Bartlett, E.J.; Vaughan, M.J.; Moore, P.J.

doi:10.1049/cp:19990243

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…They are derived from a combination of physical process such as field emission from cathodic conductors, detrapping of electrons from traps at the insulator surface, and collisions between ions or photoionization process [21]. The surface emission can be modeled by using Richardson-Schottky formula used in [21] and [31] to model PD activity at insulation surfaces in the following equation: (10) where N e is the emitted electron rate from surface of area A. e is the elementary charge, Φ is an effective work function, E the electric field at the emitting surface, k the Boltzmann constant, and T the temperature, S m is the material surface state. Depending on insulation part or conducting part, S m can be written as…”

Section: B Discharge Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Electromagnetic Interferences Induced by Corona Discharges for Wireless Channels in Substation Environments

Agba

Gagnon

2015

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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The design of robust receivers in environments with strong impulsive noise may be challenging due to their highamplitude events and their rare but nonnegligible occurrence. In substation environments, these impulsive noises are predominant. They are induced by corona discharges such as electrical arcs or partial discharges in the air. The emitted radiations can occupy a wide range of frequencies typically reaching a few gigahertz with very high amplitude. In this paper, we develop a generalized model of impulsive electromagnetic interference induced by corona discharges for wireless channels. Radiations emitted by these sources are generally transient impulses, their occurrences follow cyclostationary process, due to their generation by an alternative current. In this model, we both take into account the physical mechanism of these discharges and the induced electromagnetic radiations. Experimental results validate the approach in terms of first-and second-order statistics such as amplitudes, interarrival time, occurrences, and power spectrum densities of impulsive transient noise.

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Section: B Discharge Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Electromagnetic Interferences Induced by Corona Discharges for Wireless Channels in Substation Environments

Agba

Gagnon

2015

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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“…VLF and MF to VHF monitoring was carried out simultaneously at distances of 0.25 km, 1 km, and 10 km. Emissions were successfully recorded in the MF to VHF spectrum at 0.25 km and 1 km, but were not detectable at 10 km [10]. VLF emissions were not detected at all [10] (the likely reasons for this are discussed in section 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neither of these studies [8,9] were entirely successful in capturing emissions that could be confirmed to correlate with events recorded in the network operator's fault records. Experiments were also undertaken to examine the ability of the VLF and MF to VHF monitoring equipment to detect radiometric emissions from a variety of arc sources under controlled conditions [10]. Emissions from an arc-welder were detectable in the VHF band at a distance of 40 m, but no emissions were detectable above the level of background noise in the VLF band [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were also undertaken to examine the ability of the VLF and MF to VHF monitoring equipment to detect radiometric emissions from a variety of arc sources under controlled conditions [10]. Emissions from an arc-welder were detectable in the VHF band at a distance of 40 m, but no emissions were detectable above the level of background noise in the VLF band [10]. Further experiments, within the same study, investigated the signature and propagation distance of the induced radiation from a 132 kV 3-phase switching transient with a switching current not exceeding 20 A, which were carried out at Willenhall substation in Birmingham, UK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiometric detection and analysis of arcing faults

Harris

Judd

Moore

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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A novel method for long-range detection and potential location of arcing faults on electrical distribution networks is described and investigated. When a network fault induces an electrical arc it is accompanied by the radiation of electromagnetic transients that can be detected remotely as a radio frequency signal. By capturing its wavefront at more than one monitoring location the time-difference-of-arrival between monitoring station pairs can be used to establish the origin. This approach is used to locate lightning arcs where the emissions are referred to as sferics. A key advantage of detecting faults by capturing the radiometric emissions from their arcs is that no direct connection is required to the plant being monitored, eliminating the need to take it out of service for either installation or maintenance of the radiometric monitoring equipment. This approach also has the potential for wide area coverage as opposed to monitoring a single specific circuit. In this paper, we describe the development and trialing of a monitoring network comprising 4 geographically separate receiving stations with an inter-station distance of less than 20 km. The utilization of GPS steered time-stamps overcame the fundamental challenge of providing a common, accurate, synchronized time-stamp for the transient signals received at each station. As well as providing the basis for fault location, this information allowed signals to be correlated with the network fault records. The system was proven to capture emissions from fault-induced arcs, but none of the captures were made at more than a single monitoring station, hence the efficacy of the system at locating fault-induced arcs could not be evaluated. However, lightning strikes were captured simultaneously at several monitoring stations and successfully located; demonstrating that the data capture methodology does allow signal origins to be determined. Further study is needed regarding the propagation distances of fault induced radiometric emissions, particularly their rate of attenuation with distance

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“…[3,4] There is a broad spectrum of the electromagnetic emission from pantograph arcing, and lots of railway components share the bands of the spectrum. [1], [5][6] The auto transformer (AT) is connected with the negative feeder, catenary, and the rail, [7] so the current caused by arcing can spread within the entire traction power system affecting all transformers including the AT, substation transformer, and vehicle transformer. [1] It is necessary to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves caused by the pantograph arcing along the overhead lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pantograph arcing on railway systems with auto transformers

Lin

Zhang²,

Zhi

2013

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

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Conducted and radiated electromagnetic interferences on auto transformer (AT) caused by pantograph arcing in electrified railway system are investigated. The overhead lines of electrified railway system can be simplified by three parallel overhead conductor lines. The model of AT in this paper is situated at the end of lines. The propagation of electromagnetic waves along the three conductors is solved by using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The circuit model for AT is created by state variable equations, and the equations are discretized by backward Euler method. The pantograph arcing is represented by a trapezoidal voltage pulse which has a wide band of frequency just like an arcing has; the rise and fall time are determined by the main frequency. The voltages across the AT windings are computed by the final FDTD iterative equations when all factors are considered.

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Investigations into electromagnetic emissions from power system arcs

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

A Model of Electromagnetic Interferences Induced by Corona Discharges for Wireless Channels in Substation Environments

A Model of Electromagnetic Interferences Induced by Corona Discharges for Wireless Channels in Substation Environments

Radiometric detection and analysis of arcing faults

Effects of pantograph arcing on railway systems with auto transformers

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