Investigations into `Die-back' in Spartina Townsendii Agg.: III. Physiological Correlates of `Die-Back'

Goodman, P. J.; Williams, W. T.

doi:10.2307/2257271

Cited by 67 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…5) (King et al 1982, DeLaune et al 1983, Mendelssohn and McKee 1988. Hydrogen sulfide is a known phytotoxin (Okajima and Takagi 1953, Goodman and Williams 1961, Allam and Hollis 1972, Joshi et al 1975) that can accumulate in waterlogged soils, especially where sulfate introduction, e.g., from seawater, is prevalent. Although reduced soils and excessive sulfide pose potential stresses to plants, Spartina, like other flood-tolerant plants, possess adaptations for life in an oxygen deficient and high sulfide environment.…”

Section: Soil Water Drainage -A Critical Factor For Optimal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Physiological Controls on the Productivity of Spartina Alterniflora Loisel

Mendelssohn

Morris

2002

Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology

169

209

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The intertidal salt marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States are dominated by the perennial grass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel. The ecology of salt marshes in which this species dominates has been extensively investigated because of the documented biogeochemical functions that these ecosystems perform and the resulting societal values they provide. Since many of the salt marsh-derived values originate, either directly or indirectly, from the presence of a vegetated marsh and its primary productivity, it has long been a major goal of salt marsh ecology to elucidate the determinants of the growth of Spartina. This paper reviews the interaction of the abiotic environment with key eco-physiological processes controlling the growth of this important plant species. The productivity of Spartina can vary on both spatial and temporal scales. Spatial differences in productivity on a local scale are primarily determined by abiotic factors, particularly the interaction of soil anoxia, soluble sulfide, and salinity, with plant nitrogen uptake and assimilation. Also, Spartina can induce a positive feedback on productivity by enhancing substrate aeration. The growthenhancing effects of marsh infauna, e.g., fiddler crabs, are mediated through these interacting abiotic variables. Productivity differences on regional scales are largely dependent on geographical differences in climate, tidal amplitude, and soil parent material. Temporal variation results from seasonal and annual variation in climatic and tidal controls that may influence marsh salinity and/or inundation. The concerted research of a large number of scientists has provided one of the most comprehensive and ecologically-relevant analyses of determinants of the primary productivity of any nonagricultural plant species.

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Section: Soil Water Drainage -A Critical Factor For Optimal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Physiological Controls on the Productivity of Spartina Alterniflora Loisel

Mendelssohn

Morris

2002

Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology

169

209

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“…This induction can occur as a result of hydrogen sulphide toxicity injuring the rice roots and by destruction of the oxidizing power of the roots which subsequently results in the more readily uptake of Fe into the shoot (Tanaka et al, 1968). Since there is a lot of evidence of sulphide accumulation in anaerobic salt-marsh mud and subsequently, injurious effects to the plants (Goodman & Williams, 1961), the presence of sulphide might influence the development of iron toxicity in salt-marsh halophytes. On the other hand, precipitation of FeS in anaerobic soils may prevent high available iron levels (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences between salt-marsh species in also harmful to plant growth (cf. Goodman & Williams, 1961). It is extremely difficult to assess the concentrations of the various ionic forms of Fe and Mn in salt-marsh soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential response of salt-marsh species to variation of iron and manganese

1985

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Salt-marsh plants of the lower, middle and upper marsh were compared in their response to iron and manganese. The species studied showed differential sensitivity to high concentrations of Fe (1 000/zM) and Mn (10 000 #M) in hydroculture experiments, species of the lower marsh being more resistant than species of the upper marsh. Fe and Mn concentrations in the root were higher than in the shoot, which was also found in plants inundated with seawater. High Fe and Mn concentrations in the root are probably the result of the oxidizing power of plant roots with a subsequent low translocation of Fe (II) and Mn (II) to the shoot. At high (toxic) Fe and Mn levels in the nutrient solution, Fe and Mn concentrations were much higher in the shoots of sensitive species than in resistant species. The P content of roots and shoots was not influenced by increased Fe and Mn concentrations. Fe and Mn resistance in Spartina anglica and Juncusgerardii, may be in part due to a high root porosity. Other species, however, that are similarly resistant to Fe and Mn lack a well-developed aerenchym. Root porosity, radial oxygen loss and Fe (II) and Mn (II) exclusion by oxidation to Fe (III) (hydr)oxides deposited on the roots form part of the resistance mechanism of hygrohalophytes to Fe and Mn; the differences in this respect between the species may also be due to other metabolic aspects.

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“…Because of organic build-up, diminished production could develop with increased anoxia in the patch center, a proposed mechanism for the "die-back" of S. anglica (S. townsendii agg.) observed in many localities (Goodwin and Williams 1961).…”

Section: Spread Of Spartina Patensmentioning

confidence: 91%

Introduction, establishment and spread ofSpartina patens on Cox Island, siuslaw Estuary, Oregon

Frenkel

Boss²

1988

Wetlands

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We employed sequential aerial photographs from 1939 to 1981 to document establishment and exponential spread of Spartina patens on Cox Island, the only recorded Oregott locality for this east coast species. Spartina patens, growing in distinctive circular patches, now occupies more than 3000 m 2 with no diminished expansion rate. Eight marsh communities are aggregated into four generalized marsh types: Low Marsh, Middle Marsh, High Marsh, and Transition Marsh. Spartina patens invades the Deschampsia caespitosaScirpus maritimus community, the most open (7.7 percent "bare ground") of the Middle Marsh communities. Spartina patch elevation ranges from 1.83 to 2.05 m above MLLW comparable to its indigenous east coast tidal position. Proximate expansion of individual circular patches is by clonal growth. The role of seed and vegetative propagule dispersal in establishment of new colonies has not been determined. Once established, S. patens inOregon performs comparably to its performance in Delaware and New England as shown by its general growth form, average above-ground live biornass of 329 gdw mL above-ground dead biomass of 411 gdw m a, and a below-ground to above-ground biomass ratio of 4.80.

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Investigations into `Die-back' in Spartina Townsendii Agg.: III. Physiological Correlates of `Die-Back'

Cited by 67 publications

References 12 publications

Eco-Physiological Controls on the Productivity of Spartina Alterniflora Loisel

Eco-Physiological Controls on the Productivity of Spartina Alterniflora Loisel

Differential response of salt-marsh species to variation of iron and manganese

Introduction, establishment and spread ofSpartina patens on Cox Island, siuslaw Estuary, Oregon

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