Introduction, establishment and spread ofSpartina patens on Cox Island, siuslaw Estuary, Oregon

Frenkel, Robert E.; Boss, Theodore R.

doi:10.1007/bf03160807

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Spartina species are among the few salt marsh species that have been introduced outside their native range; such as plantings of Spartina anglica in New Zealand (Hubbard and Partridge, ), China (Chung, ) and Europe (Ranwell, ). Spartina alterniflora has mostly been introduced along the Pacific coast of North America (Frenkel and Boss, ), in New Zeeland (Partridge, ) and the east coast of China (An et al ., ). Its high stress tolerance and reproduction rate, entailing its wide distribution across the intertidal zone and its ability to rapidly colonize open areas and stabilize eroding shorelines made it the perfect candidate (Callaway and Josselyn, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the potential of plant species invasion influencing bio‐geomorphologic landscape formation in salt marshes

Schwarz

Ysebaert

Vandenbruwaene

et al. 2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Species invasions are known to change biotic and abiotic ecosystem characteristics such as community structure, cycling of materials and dynamics of rivers. However, their ability to alter interactions between biotic and abiotic ecosystem components, in particular bio-geomorphic feedbacks and the resulting landscape configuration in tidal wetlands, such as tidal channels have not yet been demonstrated. We studied the impact of altered bio-geomorphic feedbacks on geomorphologic features (i.e. tidal wetland channels), by comparing proxies for channel network geometry (unchanneled flow lengths, fractal dimension) over time between non-invaded and invaded salt marsh habitats. The non-invaded habitats (the south of eastern Chongming Island, Yangtze estuary, China) show little change in network geometry over time with a tendency for an increased drainage density. The invaded site (salt marshes in the north of eastern Chongming Island invaded by the exotic plant species Spartina alterniflora) showed a decreasing tendency in channel drainage density throughout and after the species invasion. This suggests that species invasions might not only affect biotic ecosystem characteristics, but also their ability to change bio-geomorphic feedback loops, potentially leading to changes in existing geomorphologic features and therefore landscape configuration. Our results further suggest that the species invasion also altered sediment composition. Based on observations we propose a mechanism explaining the change in channel drainage density by an alteration in plant properties. The physical and physiological characteristics of the invading species Spartina alterniflora clearly differ from the native species Scirpus mariqueter, inducing different bio-geomorphic feedback loops leading to the observed change in salt marsh channel configuration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the potential of plant species invasion influencing bio‐geomorphologic landscape formation in salt marshes

Schwarz

Ysebaert

Vandenbruwaene

et al. 2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The distribution of Spartina patens is expanding in northern Spain (Campos et al 2004) and this species is recognized as undesirable in this region and elsewhere (Frenkel and Boss 1988;Ayres et al 2004); however, few studies have explored potential consequences of S. patens invasion on salt marsh functioning. Our study suggests that the impacts of S. patens invasion may extend beyond the more obvious changes in native plant abundance, to include differing responses in the cycling of organic matter between detritivore and insect herbivore food web pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The processing of organic matter by decomposers is considered the principle pathway of organic matter re-cycling (reviewed in Moore et al 2004). Since Spartina patens occurs in thick monotypic stands (SanLeón et al 1999; this study) that may accumulate litter at a faster rate than adjacent marsh vegetation (Frenkel and Boss 1988), we predicted that organic matter from this plant has altered the composition of SOM and the source of production used by soil detritivores in invaded habitat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spartina patens (salt marsh hay, salt meadow cordgrass), native to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America, is an invader of upper marsh habitat that has been introduced to the Pacific coasts of Canada (British Columbia) and the United States (Washington, Oregon, California), and to the Mediterranean (Callaway and Josselyn 1992;Frenkel and Boss 1988;Ayres et al 2004). S. patens has also invaded the salt marshes of the northern Iberian Peninsula (e.g., Galicia, Spain) where it can be found in nearly monospecific stands in the upper high marsh (SanLeón et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of non-native Spartina patens on plant and sediment organic matter carbon incorporation into the local invertebrate community

et al. 2010

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The cycling of organic matter through food webs is a fundamental process that may be altered by the invasion of non-indigenous plants. We explored consequences of the invasion of non-indigenous Spartina patens to the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) and to detritivore and herbivore diets in the upper salt marsh within Corrubedo National Park, northwest Spain. We tested for the incorporation of S. patens carbon (C) into SOM and by detritivores and herbivores using stable isotope analysis, focusing primarily on detritivorous enchytraeid oligochaetes and herbivorous insects. Stable isotope results indicated that C derived from S. patens has been incorporated into SOM. Elevated densities of enchytraeids in stands of S. patens, and their incorporation of C derived from this plant, suggested that dense patches of S. patens may facilitate detritivore populations. In contrast, although insect herbivores used S. patens as habitat, there was little isotopic evidence for the widespread incorporation of S. patens-derived C by these consumers. The population and dietary response of enchytraeids to S. patens suggests that S. patens invasion could indirectly influence soil processes and pathways mediated by detritivore activity (e.g., soil respiration rates, nutrient retention and transformation, energy flow). The loss of food resources to insect herbivores alters local food webs. However, insect herbivores may move and feed on native plants elsewhere. As a result, insect populations may be less immediately impacted than soil detritivore populations by S. patens. Our study suggests that the influences of S. patens invasion extend beyond the more obvious changes in native plant abundance, to include differing responses in the cycling of organic matter between detritivore and insect herbivore food web pathways.

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“…We have found no records of Spartina associated with the history of the hay industry that mention South American locations. Finally, long-distance interoceanic or transcontinental transport of Spartina species, including S. alterniflora, as dunnage with commercial oysters has also been invoked (Stapf, 1908;Scheffer, 1945;Frenkel & Boss, 1988), but we know of no such introductions to South America, including from regions where S. alterniflora might have been used for such packing material. Once present, however, various workers have discussed how S. alterniflora was deliberately moved and planted within a country, for example, British Guiana (Bartlett, 1908;Martyn, 1934).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Reimagining South American coasts: unveiling the hidden invasion history of an iconic ecological engineer

Bortolus

Carlton

Schwindt

2015

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim The smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora is an iconic ecological engineer that has inspired some of the more insightful concepts and perspectives in modern theoretical ecology and environmental management, from population to community and ecosystem scales. Although it is currently considered native over more than 100 degrees of latitude along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, we challenge the default assumption that this cordgrass is native to South America, and propose an alternative hypothesis that it was introduced in the 18th or early 19th century by human activity.Location World-wide. Methods We applied nine criteria that have been proposed for the recognition of non-native species. These criteria consider the historical, biological, geographic, dispersal, ecological and evolutionary evidence that classically underpin the distinctions between native and non-native species. ResultsOur results strongly support the hypothesis that S. alterniflora is not native to South America. Herbarium collections, historical floristic descriptions and extensive literature reports clearly indicate that S. alterniflora was absent prior to the early 1800s in South America. S. alterniflora shows a reduced morphological, ecological and physiological variability along the South American coast and demonstrably increased in both regional extent and abundance over the 20th century. Main conclusionsWe conclude that what are now extensive S. alterniflora marshes in this region were probably bare mudflats and that there have been vast unrecorded and thus overlooked shifts in bird, fish and invertebrate biodiversity, and immense shifts in algal vs. detritus production, with the concomitant trophic cascades that these changes imply. Our results change the way we perceive "natural" coastal ecosystems on the Atlantic coast of South America as a whole. Indeed, most South American coastal marshes currently are what we term "ecological mirages"-illusions that have seriously hampered our ability to recognize the nature of pre-existing native ecosystems.

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Introduction, establishment and spread ofSpartina patens on Cox Island, siuslaw Estuary, Oregon

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

On the potential of plant species invasion influencing bio‐geomorphologic landscape formation in salt marshes

On the potential of plant species invasion influencing bio‐geomorphologic landscape formation in salt marshes

Effects of non-native Spartina patens on plant and sediment organic matter carbon incorporation into the local invertebrate community

Reimagining South American coasts: unveiling the hidden invasion history of an iconic ecological engineer

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